Anup - Labex 4 Flashcards
Mediastinum
The mediastinum is the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, part of the windpipe (the trachea), the esophagus, and the great vessels.
Superior Vena Cava
The superior vena cava (SVC) is a large valveless venous channel formed by the union of the brachiocephalic veins. It receives blood from the upper half of the body (except the heart) and returns it to the right atrium.
Inferior Vena Cava
The inferior vena cava is a large diameter vein that is located posterior to the abdominal cavity and runs along the right side. It has anastomoses with the azygos vein system and the venous plexuses next to the spinal cord.
Right Atrium
The right atrium is located in the upper right corner of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the inferior and superior vena cava and communicates with the right ventricle.
Left Atrium
The left atrium is a small, hollow structure on the superior left side of the heart. It is separated from the right atrium by the interatrial septum and from the left ventricle by the bicuspid (mitral) valve.
Right Ventricle
The right ventricle is the chamber within the heart that is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs. It is located in the lower right portion of the heart below the right atrium and opposite the left ventricle.
Left Ventricle
The left ventricle is located in the lower left portion of the heart below the left atrium, separated by the mitral valve. It is responsible for pushing oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the aortic arch and onward to reach the rest of the body and deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues.
Tricuspid Valve
The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood into the right atrium.
Pulmonary Valve
The pulmonic valve is one of two valves that allow blood to leave the heart via the arteries. It is a one-way valve, meaning that blood cannot flow back into the heart through it.
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary trunk is a vessel that arises from the right ventricle of the heart, extends upward, and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries that convey unaerated blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary artery is one of the two vessels which are formed as terminal branches of the pulmonary trunk and convey un-aerated blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary Veins
Pulmonary veins are vessels that bring blood to the heart. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Bicuspid Valve
Bicuspid valve is situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It permits blood to flow one way only, from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
Aortic Valve
Aortic valve is situated at exit of the left ventricle of the heart where the aorta begins. The aortic valve lets blood from the left ventricle be pumped up into the aorta but prevents blood once it is in the aorta from returning to the heart.
Aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The aorta begins at the top of the left ventricle. The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve.
Coronary Arteries
The vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood rich in oxygen. They are called the coronary arteries because they encircle the heart in the manner of a crown. The word “coronary” comes from the Latin “corona” and Greek “koron” meaning crown. Like other arteries, the coronaries may be subject to arteriosclerosis.
Great Cardiac Vein
The great cardiac vein is the largest of the veins draining into the coronary sinus from the myocardium.
Atrioventricular Valves
The atrioventricular valves are located between the the atria and the ventricles of the heart. The atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the bicuspid valve the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve.
Tricuspid Valve (Right)
The tricuspid valve stands between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It allows blood to flow only from the atrium into the ventricle.
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve (Left)
The bicuspid valve consists of two flaps known as ‘cusps’ attached to the walls between the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV). This valve enables blood to pass from the left atrium of the heart to the left ventricle of the heart while also preventing flow of blood in the opposite direction, i.e. from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
Papillary Muscles
Papillary muscle is a small muscle within the heart that anchors the heart valves. The anchor ropes are the chordae tendineae, thread-like bands of fibrous tissue that attach on one end to the edges of the tricuspid and mitral valves of the heart and on the other end to the papillary muscles.
Chordae Tendineae
Chordae tendineae is the thread-like bands of fibrous tissue which attach on one end to the edges of the tricuspid and mitral valves of the heart and on the other end to the papillary muscles, small muscles within the heart that serve to anchor the valves.