Kaplan Prep - Renal System (Kidneys) - problem set 1 Flashcards
what four structures (two of the four are pairs) is the urinary system composed of?
The urinary system is composed of: a pair of kidneys two ureters a urinary bladder and the urethra.
What four functions do the kidneys carry out?
The kidneys carry out: filtration of wastes homeostasis of fluid homeostasis of blood chemical makeup (of blood)
What do the ureters look like?
Ureters look like (and are) tubes
What do the ureters functionally do?
Transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
What is the difference between what the bladder does with urine and what the urethra does with urine?
The bladder stores urine.
The urethra carries urine out of the body.
What is the shape of the human kidney?
the human kidney is shaped like a bean
What is the size of the human kidney?
the human kidney is about the size of a can of soup
How much does the human kidney weigh?
the human kidney weighs about 5 ounces
Describe the location of the right kidney
The right kidney is located in the lumbar region between the T-12 and L-3 vertebra.
Why does the right kidney lie lower than the left kidney?
It lies lower than the left kidney because of the liver’s location just above the right kidney.
What is the kidney sinus?
The renal sinus is the space within the kidney near the renal hilus.
What is the importance of the kidney sinus?
It is the entry point of the:
ureters,
blood vessels,
and nerves.
What are the names of the 3 layers that surround the kidney?
outer renal fascia (outermost layer)
adipose capsule
renal capsule
Describe the renal capsule
The renal capsule is a tough fibrous outer skin
What is the function of the renal capsule?
The renal capsule
protects the kidney from injury and infection.
What is the function of the adipose capsule?
The adipose capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma.
What is the function of the outer renal fascia
The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity.
Name the 3 sections of the kidney
renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis
What structures are contained in the renal cortex?
the renal corpuscle (containing glomerular capsule and bowman’s capsule)
the proximal convoluted tubules
the distal convoluted tubules
blood vessels.
What three structures are contained in the renal medulla?
the Loop of Henle,
the collecting ducts
and blood vessels.
What structures are contained in the renal pelvis?
The renal pelvis connects to the ureter and has extensions called calyces which collect urine.
What section or area of the kidney is the renal pelvis in?
the centermost section of the kidney
What does the renal pelvis look like?
a funnel-shaped tube
What does the renal pelvis CONNECT to?
The renal pelvis is a funnel shaped tube that CONNECTS to the ureter.
