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Study Decks > Kaplan Prep - Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Kaplan Prep - Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two circulatory systems?

A

*Cardiovascular system *Lymphatic system

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2
Q

What is the difference between cardiovascular system and lymphatic system?

A

Cardiovascular system is responsible for the blood and nutrients travel through blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid from the tissues and returning it to the circulatory system.

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3
Q

What are the five functions of Cardiovascular system?

A

*transport gases *transport nutrients *transport wastes *prevent loss of blood from ruptured vessels *fight invasion of the body by foreign bodies

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4
Q

What are the three main functions of Lymphatic vessels?

A

*Lymphatic vessels take up excess tissue fluid and return it to the bloodstream. *Lymphatic capillaries absorb fats and transport them to the bloodstream. *Lymphatic system helps to defend the body against disease.

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5
Q

What are the five different types of vessels within the human cardiovascular system?

A

*Arteries *Arterioles *Capillaries *Venules *Veins

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6
Q

Are arteries elastic or rigid?

A

elastic

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7
Q

Are the walls of arteries thick or thin?

A

thick

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8
Q

Why are arteries elastic, and have thick-walled vessels that are capable of expanding?

A

to accommodate the larger blood volume flowing from the heart at the end of each heartbeat.

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9
Q

Are arterioles arteries?

A

Yes

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10
Q

How would you describe the size of arterioles?

A

small

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11
Q

What do the arterioles regulate?

A

regulate blood pressure

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12
Q

What system controls the arterioles?

A

the sympathetic nervous system

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13
Q

How do the arterioles affect blood pressure?

A

by constricting and dilating muscles (which increases and decreases the blood pressure)

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14
Q

Are capillaries narrow or wide?

A

narrow

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15
Q

Capillaries are formed by the branching of what?

A

arterioles

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16
Q

The branching arterioles that are interconnected end up forming what?

A

capillary beds

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17
Q

What function is performed by Capillary beds?

A

Capillary beds perform the exchange of materials with the cells of the body.

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18
Q

What are Venules?

A

Venules are small veins that collect blood from the capillary beds, many of which join to form a vein which returns the blood to the heart.

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19
Q

What are Veins?

A

Veins are thinner-walled vessels with internal valves which open toward the heart and close at the end beat to prevent blood from flowing backward.

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20
Q

How big is the heart?

A

The heart is fist-sized

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21
Q

What shape is the heart?

A

The heart is cone shaped

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22
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Between the lungs

23
Q

Is the heart muscular?

A

Yes!

24
Q

What is the bulk of the heart made of?

A

Myocardium

25
Q

What type of muscle is myocardium?

A

cardiac muscle

26
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

The pericardium is the tough, thick sac that encloses the heart and protects the heart and anchors it to the diaphragm.

27
Q

What is endocardium?

A

Endocardium is the white sheet of endothelium which is continuous with the blood vessel linings.

28
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

4 chambers.

29
Q

What are the four chambers?

A
  • 2 upper receiving chambers called Atria (Auricles). * 2 lower pumping (sending) chambers called Ventricles.
30
Q

What do you call the partition between the left and right side of the heart?

A

Septum

31
Q

Describe the Atria.

A

NAME?

32
Q

Describe Ventricles.

A

NAME?

33
Q

What are the 4 valves of the heart?

A
  1. tricuspid (three-flap) valve 2. bicuspid (mitral) valve 3. Aortic valve4. pulmonary (right) semilunar valves
34
Q

What does the tricuspid valve connect?

A

The tricuspid (three-flap) valve connects the right atrium to the right ventricle

35
Q

What does the bicuspid valve connect?

A

The bicuspid (mitral) valve connects the left atrium to the left ventricle.

36
Q

Where are the aortic (left) and pulmonary (right) semilunar valves located?

A

They are located at the exits from the ventricles and prevent the flow of blood from the vessels back into the ventricles.

37
Q

What are the three steps of the flow of blood in the pulmonary circuit?

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery2. Goes to the lungs and gets oxygenated3. Travels back through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium
38
Q

Two steps of the flow of the blood in the systematic circuit.

A
  1. The oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the arteries to the capillaries in the tissue of the body. 2. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart through the vena cavae.
39
Q

What is systole?

A

Contraction of the heart chambers.

40
Q

What is diastole?

A

Relaxation of the heart chambers.

41
Q

3 phases of heartbeat/cardiac cycle and how long does each last?

A
  1. the atria contract for about 0.15 second (while the ventricles relax)2. the ventricles contract for about 0.30 second (while the atria relax) 3. all chambers relax for about 0.40 second
42
Q

What is Sphygmomanometer?

A

It is an instrument to measure human blood pressure which has a pressure cuff.

43
Q

What is a pressure cuff?

A

Pressure cuff is an instrument part Sphygmomanometer that measures the amount of pressure required to stop the flow of blood through the brachial artery.

44
Q

What is another term for Hypertension?

A

High Blood Pressure

45
Q

How do you say mmHg?

A

millimeters of mercury

46
Q

What is the definition of Hypertension?

A

the condition when the systolic and diastolic pressures are significantly higher than 120/80 mmHg.

47
Q

What can cause hypertension?

A

PLAQUE building up on the arterial walls, restricting blood flow

48
Q

What is a Thrombus?

A

a stationary blood clot

49
Q

What can cause a thrombus?

A

plaque building up on artery walls

50
Q

What is an Embolus?

A

it is a blood clot that dislodges and moves along with blood.

51
Q

What is Streptokinase?

A

a drug that can be given intravenously to dissolve a clot.

52
Q

What does Streptokinase drug do?

A

it converts plasminogen, a molecule found in blood, into plasmin, an enzymethat dissolves blood clots.

53
Q

What is Angioplasty?

A

Surgical procedures that are available to clear clogged arteries.

54
Q

What happens during Angioplasty surgery procedure?

A

In angioplasty, a cardiologist threads a plastic tube into an artery of an arm or a leg and guides it through a major blood vessel toward the heart. When the tube reaches the region clogged by plaque in a coronary artery, the balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated, forcing the vessel open.

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