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Study Decks > Concept 5 Growth and Development Infancy to Middle Childhood - First five questions > Flashcards

Concept 5 Growth and Development Infancy to Middle Childhood - First five questions Flashcards

1
Q

How old is the baby during the infant stage of development?

A

the period between ages 4 weeks and 1 year

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2
Q

What is the definition of “Growth”?

A

Indicates an increase in size measured by inches and pounds

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3
Q

When measuring infant’s “growth” what two things are we measuring?

A

Weight and length

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4
Q

Within 6 months how much do infant’s weight typically increase from their birth weight?

A

Double

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5
Q

Within one year how much do infant’s weight typically increase from their birth weight?

A

Triple

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6
Q

Within one year how much do infant’s length increase from their original length at birth?

A

Double

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7
Q

What are 4 influencing factors for a developing infant?

A

Prenatal environment, Ordinal position, Ethnic and cultural practices, Genetics & environment (nature vs nuture)

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8
Q

What does “development” indicate?

A

An increase in function and mastery of tasks for the specific phase in the lifespan

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9
Q

Are functions and task mastery associated with various stages?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Is development orderly or haphazard?

A

Orderly

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11
Q

Does development process from simple to complex or from complex to simple?

A

Simple to complex

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12
Q

Does development occur in an expected pattern or a haphazard pattern?

A

Expected pattern

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13
Q

Does development process at a fixed pace or a variable pace?

A

Variable pace

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14
Q

What does “Cephalocaudal” mean?

A

Growth pattern proceeds from head to toe

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15
Q

What do “Norms” in development serve as?

A

Guidelines

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16
Q

How much variation is their between development “norms” and actuality?

A

Wide individual variation

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17
Q

What is the first psychosocial crisis in infancy that must be resolved?

A

Trust vs mistrust

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18
Q

When do infants develop trust?

A

Trust develops when infants learn that their basic needs will be met

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19
Q

What is a defense mechanism?

A

A reaction that helps conceal conflict; is protective to the individual

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20
Q

What is a coping skill?

A

A behavior that supports adaptation to stress

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21
Q

According to Erikson what is the establishment of a basic sense of trust essential for?

A

The development of a healthy personality

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22
Q

For the infant to have a successful resolution of the trust vs mistrust stage what is required?

A

A consistent caregiver who is available to meet his needs

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23
Q

What results if the infant is able to have basic trust in parents?

A

The infant is able to trust in himself, in others, and in the world

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24
Q

Per Erikson what is the first psychosocial crisis in infancy that must be resolved?

A

Trust vs mistrust

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25
Q

When does the first psychosocial crisis occur?

A

In the first year of life

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26
Q

Trust develops when infants learn what?

A

That their basic needs will be met

27
Q

Give four examples of how a caregiver/parent can build trust and demonstrate to the child that their basic needs will be met:

A
  1. Pick up a crying baby promptly and comfort them 2. Feed infants promptly when they are hungry 3. Feed infants in a response to hunger instead of on a rigid schedule 4. Parents should react positively to the infant’s responsive smile
28
Q

What are five ways an infant shows some intelligence?

A
  1. Understanding cause & effect occurs at an early age 2. A cry elicits a response from adults so the cry becomes a means of communication 3. En face position 4. Object permanence 5. Memory
29
Q

What are 4 things that infants learn during the Sensiromotor Stage according to Piaget?

A

Develops object permanence, Begins to understand basic cause and effect spatial relationships (up/down), basic time (before/after)

30
Q

What will an infant do when an adult shows them facial expressions?

A

Infant will mimic facial expressions of adult

31
Q

Is interaction between parent and infant necessary in the first months of life and if yes, then why?

A

Yes, It is important for later social development

32
Q

When does attachment between parents and infant begin?

A

Begins long before the infant is born, when the mother feels the fetus moving in the womb

33
Q

Why do newborns suck their thumbs?

A

To feel secure

34
Q

What will newborns do to achieve a feeling of comfort and security?

A

Seek out the thumb or pacifier

35
Q

During the age of 1-4 months the infant is focused on what?

A

The parent

36
Q

During the age of 1-4 months what position does the infant prefer?

A

The en face (face-to-face) position

37
Q

By 4 months old what do infants discover?

A

Their hands and feet

38
Q

At four months if a mobile gym is placed above infants discover what?

A

There are predictable sounds and tactile responses that occur when reaching out to touch the mobile

39
Q

After 4 months the infant becomes more aware of surroundings and may prefer to be held in what manner?

A

to be held outwardly or away from the parent facing the activity in the room

40
Q

At 4 months when the infant drops a spoon from the highchair, what does the infant believe?

A

Believes the spoon is gone

41
Q

By 7 months of age if the infant drops a spoon from the highchair, what does the infant believe and do?

A

The infant knows the object is there even though can’t see it (object permanence) and will continue to look for it

42
Q

Are infants able to retain memories of traumatic experiences?

A

Yes

43
Q

If an infant has a choking episode early in breastfeeding what might that cause the infant to do?

A

May cause an infant to reject further attempts at breastfeeding

44
Q

At what age does separation anxiety begin?

A

At 6 months of age

45
Q

What happens during separation anxiety?

A

Infant cries or protests when the parent leaves the room

46
Q

At what age does stranger anxiety peak?

A

9 months of age

47
Q

By what age does the child remember the parent’s image and trust that the parent will return?

A

18 months

48
Q

When does stranger anxiety get triggered by the infant?

A

When the infant is approached by a stranger, babysitter, or substitute caregiver in the absence of the parent

49
Q

When is the preverbal stage of language development?

A

First year

50
Q

When is the infant making repetitive sounds?

A

3-4 months

51
Q

When are the first words spoken?

A

10 - 13 months

52
Q

What might inconsistent statements about injuries from the parent about their infant be a sign of?

A

Child abuse in infants

53
Q

What might bruises at various stages of healing in infants be a sign of?

A

Child abuse in infants

54
Q

What might a delay in seeking care be indicative of?

A

A symptom of child abuse in infants

55
Q

What might too many clothes be a sign of?

A

Might be covering up signs of child abuse in infants

56
Q

What might Retinal hemorrhage (blood spots) in infants <1 year indicate the possibility of?

A

May indicate shaken baby syndrome

57
Q

Failure to thrive may indicate what?

A

Neglect

58
Q

Should Irritation in genital area be considered suspicious?

A

Yes

59
Q

Should you believe a child who describes abusive experiences?

A

Yes

60
Q

What might Dirty clothes and skin rashes indicate?

A

May indicate neglect

61
Q

What should you do regarding bruises scars and wounds?

A

Look for and list location and color of bruises, scars, and wounds

62
Q

What should you do regarding imprints and outlines on children’s skin?

A

Look for imprints or outlines of objects on child’s skin (such as reddened area in shape of a hand)

63
Q

Divide the body into four planes: front,back, right side and left side. Injuries occurring in which plane should be suspicious?

A

> 1 plane should be considered suspicious

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