Concept 5 Growth and Development Infancy to Middle Childhood - First five questions

Question 1

How old is the baby during the infant stage of development?

Answer 1

the period between ages 4 weeks and 1 year

Question 2

What is the definition of “Growth”?

Answer 2

Indicates an increase in size measured by inches and pounds

Question 3

When measuring infant’s “growth” what two things are we measuring?

Answer 3

Weight and length

Question 4

Within 6 months how much do infant’s weight typically increase from their birth weight?

Answer 4

Double

Question 5

Within one year how much do infant’s weight typically increase from their birth weight?

Answer 5

Triple

Question 6

Within one year how much do infant’s length increase from their original length at birth?

Answer 6

Double

Question 7

What are 4 influencing factors for a developing infant?

Answer 7

Prenatal environment, Ordinal position, Ethnic and cultural practices, Genetics & environment (nature vs nuture)

Question 8

What does “development” indicate?

Answer 8

An increase in function and mastery of tasks for the specific phase in the lifespan

Question 9

Are functions and task mastery associated with various stages?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Is development orderly or haphazard?

Answer 10

Orderly

Question 11

Does development process from simple to complex or from complex to simple?

Answer 11

Simple to complex

Question 12

Does development occur in an expected pattern or a haphazard pattern?

Answer 12

Expected pattern

Question 13

Does development process at a fixed pace or a variable pace?

Answer 13

Variable pace

Question 14

What does “Cephalocaudal” mean?

Answer 14

Growth pattern proceeds from head to toe

Question 15

What do “Norms” in development serve as?

Answer 15

Guidelines

Question 16

How much variation is their between development “norms” and actuality?

Answer 16

Wide individual variation

Question 17

What is the first psychosocial crisis in infancy that must be resolved?

Answer 17

Trust vs mistrust

Question 18

When do infants develop trust?

Answer 18

Trust develops when infants learn that their basic needs will be met

Question 19

What is a defense mechanism?

Answer 19

A reaction that helps conceal conflict; is protective to the individual

Question 20

What is a coping skill?

Answer 20

A behavior that supports adaptation to stress

Question 21

According to Erikson what is the establishment of a basic sense of trust essential for?

Answer 21

The development of a healthy personality

Question 22

For the infant to have a successful resolution of the trust vs mistrust stage what is required?

Answer 22

A consistent caregiver who is available to meet his needs

Question 23

What results if the infant is able to have basic trust in parents?

Answer 23

The infant is able to trust in himself, in others, and in the world

Question 24

Per Erikson what is the first psychosocial crisis in infancy that must be resolved?

Answer 24

Trust vs mistrust

Question 25

When does the first psychosocial crisis occur?

Answer 25

In the first year of life

Question 26

Trust develops when infants learn what?

Answer 26

That their basic needs will be met

Question 27

Give four examples of how a caregiver/parent can build trust and demonstrate to the child that their basic needs will be met:

Answer 27

1. Pick up a crying baby promptly and comfort them 2. Feed infants promptly when they are hungry 3. Feed infants in a response to hunger instead of on a rigid schedule 4. Parents should react positively to the infant's responsive smile

Question 28

What are five ways an infant shows some intelligence?

Answer 28

1. Understanding cause & effect occurs at an early age 2. A cry elicits a response from adults so the cry becomes a means of communication 3. En face position 4. Object permanence 5. Memory

Question 29

What are 4 things that infants learn during the Sensiromotor Stage according to Piaget?

Answer 29

Develops object permanence, Begins to understand basic cause and effect spatial relationships (up/down), basic time (before/after)

Question 30

What will an infant do when an adult shows them facial expressions?

Answer 30

Infant will mimic facial expressions of adult

Question 31

Is interaction between parent and infant necessary in the first months of life and if yes, then why?

Answer 31

Yes, It is important for later social development

Question 32

When does attachment between parents and infant begin?

Answer 32

Begins long before the infant is born, when the mother feels the fetus moving in the womb

Question 33

Why do newborns suck their thumbs?

Answer 33

To feel secure

Question 34

What will newborns do to achieve a feeling of comfort and security?

Answer 34

Seek out the thumb or pacifier

Question 35

During the age of 1-4 months the infant is focused on what?

Answer 35

The parent

Question 36

During the age of 1-4 months what position does the infant prefer?

Answer 36

The en face (face-to-face) position

Question 37

By 4 months old what do infants discover?

Answer 37

Their hands and feet

Question 38

At four months if a mobile gym is placed above infants discover what?

Answer 38

There are predictable sounds and tactile responses that occur when reaching out to touch the mobile

Question 39

After 4 months the infant becomes more aware of surroundings and may prefer to be held in what manner?

Answer 39

to be held outwardly or away from the parent facing the activity in the room

Question 40

At 4 months when the infant drops a spoon from the highchair, what does the infant believe?

Answer 40

Believes the spoon is gone

Question 41

By 7 months of age if the infant drops a spoon from the highchair, what does the infant believe and do?

Answer 41

The infant knows the object is there even though can't see it (object permanence) and will continue to look for it

Question 42

Are infants able to retain memories of traumatic experiences?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

If an infant has a choking episode early in breastfeeding what might that cause the infant to do?

Answer 43

May cause an infant to reject further attempts at breastfeeding

Question 44

At what age does separation anxiety begin?

Answer 44

At 6 months of age

Question 45

What happens during separation anxiety?

Answer 45

Infant cries or protests when the parent leaves the room

Question 46

At what age does stranger anxiety peak?

Answer 46

9 months of age

Question 47

By what age does the child remember the parent's image and trust that the parent will return?

Answer 47

18 months

Question 48

When does stranger anxiety get triggered by the infant?

Answer 48

When the infant is approached by a stranger, babysitter, or substitute caregiver in the absence of the parent

Question 49

When is the preverbal stage of language development?

Answer 49

First year

Question 50

When is the infant making repetitive sounds?

Answer 50

3-4 months

Question 51

When are the first words spoken?

Answer 51

10 - 13 months

Question 52

What might inconsistent statements about injuries from the parent about their infant be a sign of?

Answer 52

Child abuse in infants

Question 53

What might bruises at various stages of healing in infants be a sign of?

Answer 53

Child abuse in infants

Question 54

What might a delay in seeking care be indicative of?

Answer 54

A symptom of child abuse in infants

Question 55

What might too many clothes be a sign of?

Answer 55

Might be covering up signs of child abuse in infants

Question 56

What might Retinal hemorrhage (blood spots) in infants <1 year indicate the possibility of?

Answer 56

May indicate shaken baby syndrome

Question 57

Failure to thrive may indicate what?

Answer 57

Neglect

Question 58

Should Irritation in genital area be considered suspicious?

Answer 58

Yes

Question 59

Should you believe a child who describes abusive experiences?

Answer 59

Yes

Question 60

What might Dirty clothes and skin rashes indicate?

Answer 60

May indicate neglect

Question 61

What should you do regarding bruises scars and wounds?

Answer 61

Look for and list location and color of bruises, scars, and wounds

Question 62

What should you do regarding imprints and outlines on children's skin?

Answer 62

Look for imprints or outlines of objects on child's skin (such as reddened area in shape of a hand)

Question 63

Divide the body into four planes: front,back, right side and left side. Injuries occurring in which plane should be suspicious?

Answer 63

>1 plane should be considered suspicious