Kaplan Prep - Gastrointestinal (Stomach)

Question 1

What is the shape of the stomach relative to the abdomen and diaphragm?

Answer 1

It is in the shape of a backwards “C”.

Question 2

Where is the location of the stomach relative to the abdomen and diaphragm?

Answer 2

It is inferior to the diaphragm and on the left side of the abdomen.

Question 3

Describe the step by step passage of food into and out of the stomach.

Answer 3

• From the esophagus
• The food enters the stomach through the cardioesophageal sphincter
• Exits the stomach via the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine.

Question 4

What are the two curvatures of the stomach?

Answer 4

1. Concave lesser curvature

2. Convex greater curvature

Question 5

Describe concave lesser curvature.

Answer 5

It extends inward on the shorter side of the stomach.

Question 6

Describe convex greater curvature.

Answer 6

It extends outward on the longer side of the stomach.

Question 7

What are the two serous membranes?

Answer 7

1. Lesser omemtum

2. Greater omemtum

Question 8

What is the lesser omemtum?

Answer 8

It is a serous membrane which attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

Question 9

What is the greater omemtum?

Answer 9

It is a serous membrane which attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the posterior wall of the body.

Question 10

What are the four parts of the stomach?

Answer 10

1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pyloric Region

Question 11

Where is the Cardia of the stomach located?

Answer 11

It is located at the entrance to the stomach.

Question 12

Where is the Fundus of the stomach located?

Answer 12

It is located at the dome shaped top portion.

Question 13

Where is the Body of the stomach located?

Answer 13

It is located at the main wider portion.

Question 14

Where is the the Pyloric Region of the stomach located?

Answer 14

It is located at the last part and funnel shaped.

Question 15

What are the two functions of the stomach?

Answer 15

1. First - temporary storage area for food.

2. Second - food breakdown.

Question 16

What is the pH of the stomach?

Answer 16

1.3 - 3.5

Question 17

What is the pH level of the stomach due to and what is its source and function?

Answer 17

The 1.3-3.5 pH of stomach contents is due to hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells which kills bacteria and converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin.

Question 18

What is the source of the stomach enzyme pepsin?

Answer 18

The stomach enzyme pepsin is born out of pepsinogen

Question 19

What secretes pepsinogen?

Answer 19

Cells called “Chief Cells” in the stomach

Question 20

How does pepsinogen result in pepsin?

Answer 20

After chief cells secret pepsinogen, it is converted into pepsin by hydrocloric acid

Question 21

What is the function of the stomach enzyme pepsin?

Answer 21

Pepsin’s function is to break down proteins.

Question 22

What is a stomach ulcer?

Answer 22

It is an open sore in the wall of the stomach.

Question 23

What causes the stomach ulcer to occur?

Answer 23

It occurs from gastric juices penetrating the mucus, then pepsin starts to digest the stomach or duodenal lining.

Question 24

How do the stomach contents enter the small intestine?

Answer 24

1. The pyloric sphincter valve relaxes causing a small quantity of chyme to pass through the opening into the first part of the small intestine.
2. This initiates a reflex that causes the muscles of the sphincter to contract and close the opening temporarily
3. Then the sphincter relaxes again and allows more chyme to enter.

Question 25

Where is the pyloric sphincter valve located?

Answer 25

It is located at the base of the stomach.