Micro Talaro Chapter 3 Tools of the Laboratory

Question 1

6 I’s of Culturing Microbes

Answer 1

1. Inoculation 2. Incubation 3. Isolation 4. Inspection 5. Information Gathering 6. Identification

Question 2

Inoculation

Answer 2

Introduction of sample into a container of media to produce a culture of observable growth

Question 3

Incubation

Answer 3

Inoculated media are placed in an incubator to promote growth.

Question 4

Isolation

Answer 4

Seperates microbes and spreads them apart to create isolated colonies that each contain a single type of microbe. Paves way for making pure cultures

Question 5

Inspection

Answer 5

Cultures are observed for macroscopic appearance of growth characteristics. Examined under the microscope for basic details such as cell type and shape. May be enhanced through staining or special microscope use.

Question 6

Information gathering

Answer 6

Additional tests for microbial function and characteristics are usually required.Specialized testing will provide specific information unique to a certain microbe

Question 7

Identification

Answer 7

Goal is to attach a name or identity to the microbe, usually to level of species. Use of keys, charts and computer programs can be used to analyze data and come to a conclusion

Question 8

Positive Staining

Answer 8

Surface of microbes are negatively charged and attract basic dyes

Question 9

Negative Staining

Answer 9

Microbes repel dye, the dye stains the background

Question 10

Simple Staining

Answer 10

1 dye is used,Reveals shape, size and arrangement

Question 11

Differential Stains

Answer 11

Primary stain and counterstain used Distinguishes cell types or parts (EX: Gram Stain, Acid-fast Stain, and Endospore stain)

Question 12

Colony

Answer 12

Mound of cells. Consists of 1 species. Usually formed after isolation.

Question 13

Isolation techniques

Answer 13

1. Streak Plate Technique 2. Pour Plate Technique 3. Spread Plate Technique

Question 14

Pure Culture

Answer 14

Inspection shows single species growing in container

Question 15

Mixed Culture

Answer 15

Inspection shows multiple species

Question 16

Contaminants

Answer 16

Unknown or unwanted microbes in culture

Question 17

Media Physical States

Answer 17

1. Liquid - Broth, doesn’t solidify 2. Semisolid - Contains solidifying agent 3.Solid Firm surface for colony formation, Contains solidifying agent, liquefiable and nonliquefiable

Question 18

Agar

Answer 18

Most commonly used solidifying agent for semi solid media

Question 19

General purpose Media

Answer 19

Allows for the growth of a broad range of microbes

Question 20

Enriched Media

Answer 20

Contains complex organic substances such as blood, serum, hemoglobin, or special growth factors required by fastidious microbes.

Question 21

Selective Media

Answer 21

Contains one or more agents that inhibit the growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes

Question 22

Differential Media

Answer 22

Allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible differences among those microbes

Question 23

Reducing Media

Answer 23

Contains a substance that absorbs oxygen or slows penetration of oxygen into medium; used for growing anaerobic bacteria

Question 24

Gram Staining

Answer 24

A differential stain that turns purple or pink based on the a microbe’s cell wall type

Question 25

Medium

Answer 25

a solid, semi-solid or liquid that supports the growth of microbes

Question 26

fastidious

Answer 26

An organism that can’t produce its own growth factors

Question 27

Sterilization

Answer 27

A method that kills off all microorganisms from an object

Question 28

Disinfection

Answer 28

A treatment that doesn’t kill all but most of the microorganisms on a surface