Toxicology (SA) Flashcards
which drug is used to induce emesis in dogs?
Apomorphine
which drug is used to induce emesis in cats?
Xylazine
Which antiparasitic drugs should not be given to cats?
Pyrethrins
Which antiparasitic drugs should not be given to collies?
Avermectins
How does apracetamol cause toxicity in cats?
Oxidate injury - methaemaglobin formation
Which drug is the mainstay of paracetamol toxicosis Tx in cats?
N-acetylcysteine
What are the 3 phases of ethylene glycol toxicity?
GI irritation
CNS toxicity (Met acidosis)
Nephrotoxicity
What is the perferred antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning?
Fomepizole (up to 32h post-exposure)
+SUPPORT
What do anticoagulant rodenticides antagonise?
VItamin K
What does metaldehyde poisoning cause?
Acute neurotoxicity followed by hepatotoxicity
How is metaldehyde poisoning treated?
Emesis & gastric lavage
IVFT
Diazepam
What are the signs of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?
DUMBBELS Diarrhoea Urination Miosis Bronchoconstrict Bradycardia Emesis Lacrimation Salivation
How do we treat cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?
Emesis OR gastric lavage & activated charcoal
ATROPINE (muscarinic SEs)
DIAZEPAM (seizures)
2-PAM (tremors)
What does paraquat poisoning cause?
Pulmonary Oedema and Haemorrage - fatal
How must paraquat poisoning NOT be treated?
O2 therapy!!
How is NSAID toxicity treated in cats?
Activated Charcoal doses q4-6h
Tx GI ulcers! (sucralfate)
Tx AKI! (furosemide)
which toxic product is found in sugar, tea and coffee?
Methyxanthines
What are the signs of methyxanthine poisoning?
GIT upset
CNS tremors/seizures
CV arrhythmia (SVT/Vent arrhythmia)
Why is IVFT NOT reccomended in methyxanthine poisoning?
absorbed across bladder - needs to be kept small
What does xylitol poisoning cause?
MASS INSULIN RELEASE
Hypoglycaeic with rebound hyperglycaemia and collapse.
Hepatic necrosis if large dose.
What is the pathogenesis of grape/raisin toxicity?
AKI due to proximal tubular necrosis
How do onions/garlic/leeks cause toxicity?
Damage RBcs
What is the effect of low dose nicotine poisoning?
Stimulates PNS/CNS
What is the effect of high dose nicotine poisoning?
Depressed CNs/PNs
How should cannabis poisoning be treated?
Repeated activated charcoal administration
How do you treat amphetamine toxicity?
ACP to control excitability/seizure.
+ SUPPORT
How do you treat heroin toxicity?
Naloxone to effect
How do you treat lead toxicity?
Decontamination and chelation
