EQ Ophthalmology

Question 1

During close direct ophthalmoscopy, at which setting on the ophthalmoscope can you see the fundus?

Answer 1

0 to -3 D

Question 2

During close direct ophthalmoscopy, at which setting on the ophthalmoscope can you see the vitreous?

Answer 2

+2 to +6 D

Question 3

During close direct ophthalmoscopy, at which setting on the ophthalmoscope can you see the lens?

Answer 3

+7 to +8 D

Question 4

During close direct ophthalmoscopy, at which setting on the ophthalmoscope can you see the cornea?

Answer 4

+10 D

Question 5

What are the 2 ocular nerve blocks in the horse?

Answer 5

Frontal

Auriculopalpebral

Question 6

Which stain can be used to assess tear film quality, fungal ulcers and and neoplasia margins?

Answer 6

Rose Bengal

Question 7

Which areas of the eyelid have the best Px when lacerated?

Answer 7

Low and Lateral!!

Question 8

What are the signs of ulcerative keratitis in horses?

Answer 8

Pain
Blepharospasm
Photophobia

Question 9

How are superficial ulcers treated?

Answer 9

Topical antimicrobials and atropine

Question 10

What is the healing rate of most superficial equine ulcers?

Answer 10

0.6mm/day

Question 11

How are deep ulcers treated (if uncomplicated)?

Answer 11

Topical antimicrobials and atropine - longer course

WILL scar

Question 12

How is keratomalacia treated?

Answer 12

AGGRESSIVE & early

Topical:
serum
EDTA
acetylcysteine
Tetra/doxycycline

Systemic:
NSAID (flunixin)

Question 13

How are desmetoceles treated?

Answer 13

Either as keratomalacia or with conjunctival flap

Question 14

How are stromal abscesses treated?

Answer 14

Topical antimicrobials!

REFER for surgical debridement/corneal graft

Question 15

What are the clinical signs of viral keratitis?

Answer 15

Many superficial white punctate/linear opacities

PAIN!

Question 16

How is viral keratitis treated?

Answer 16

Topic: idoxuridine, trifluorothymidine, aciclovir, interferon

+CS?

Question 17

How is fungal keratitis treated?

Answer 17

KEratectomy + conjuncitval flap

Question 18

HOw are immune mediated keratopathies treated?

Answer 18

topical CS/cyclosprine/doxycycline

Surgery: keratectomy, cyclosporine implant

Question 19

What are the signs of equine anterior uveitis?

Answer 19

Blepharospasm
Epiphora
Chemosis
Miosis
Aqueous Flare
Blood/pus in ant chamber

Question 20

How does posterior uveitis present?

Answer 20

Stuble signs - variable pain.

Retinal changes

Question 21

How should Uveitis be treated?

Answer 21

Topical:
CS/NSAID (if no ulcer)
antimicrobial
Atropine

Systemic: NSAID (flunixin)

Question 22

What are the 3 surgical options for equine uveitis?

Answer 22

Suprachoroidal cyclosporine implant
Pars plana vitrectomy
Enucleation

Question 23

Describe equine cataract

Answer 23

Common opacity of lens - mostly non-progressive

Question 24

What appears white on transfocal illumination of the lens?

Answer 24

Cataracts

Question 25

What are the signs of glaucoma in horses?

Answer 25

Hydropthalmos
Corneal oedema
Corneal Striae
Lens luxation
Blindness

Pain not as severe as other spp

Question 26

What are the 3 stepd to diagnosing glaucoma?

Answer 26

Clinical Signs
tonometry
US

Question 27

Which SA drug are CONTRAINDICATED in equine Glaucoma?

Answer 27

PG derivatives

Question 28

How can glaucoma be treated surgically?

Answer 28

Ciliary body destruction (laser or gent)
Aq shunt
Enlucleation