EQ Ophthalmology Flashcards
During close direct ophthalmoscopy, at which setting on the ophthalmoscope can you see the fundus?
0 to -3 D
During close direct ophthalmoscopy, at which setting on the ophthalmoscope can you see the vitreous?
+2 to +6 D
During close direct ophthalmoscopy, at which setting on the ophthalmoscope can you see the lens?
+7 to +8 D
During close direct ophthalmoscopy, at which setting on the ophthalmoscope can you see the cornea?
+10 D
What are the 2 ocular nerve blocks in the horse?
Frontal
Auriculopalpebral
Which stain can be used to assess tear film quality, fungal ulcers and and neoplasia margins?
Rose Bengal
Which areas of the eyelid have the best Px when lacerated?
Low and Lateral!!
What are the signs of ulcerative keratitis in horses?
Pain
Blepharospasm
Photophobia
How are superficial ulcers treated?
Topical antimicrobials and atropine
What is the healing rate of most superficial equine ulcers?
0.6mm/day
How are deep ulcers treated (if uncomplicated)?
Topical antimicrobials and atropine - longer course
WILL scar
How is keratomalacia treated?
AGGRESSIVE & early
Topical: serum EDTA acetylcysteine Tetra/doxycycline
Systemic:
NSAID (flunixin)
How are desmetoceles treated?
Either as keratomalacia or with conjunctival flap
How are stromal abscesses treated?
Topical antimicrobials!
REFER for surgical debridement/corneal graft
What are the clinical signs of viral keratitis?
Many superficial white punctate/linear opacities
PAIN!
How is viral keratitis treated?
Topic: idoxuridine, trifluorothymidine, aciclovir, interferon
+CS?
How is fungal keratitis treated?
KEratectomy + conjuncitval flap
HOw are immune mediated keratopathies treated?
topical CS/cyclosprine/doxycycline
Surgery: keratectomy, cyclosporine implant
What are the signs of equine anterior uveitis?
Blepharospasm Epiphora Chemosis Miosis Aqueous Flare Blood/pus in ant chamber
How does posterior uveitis present?
Stuble signs - variable pain.
Retinal changes
How should Uveitis be treated?
Topical:
CS/NSAID (if no ulcer)
antimicrobial
Atropine
Systemic: NSAID (flunixin)
What are the 3 surgical options for equine uveitis?
Suprachoroidal cyclosporine implant
Pars plana vitrectomy
Enucleation
Describe equine cataract
Common opacity of lens - mostly non-progressive
What appears white on transfocal illumination of the lens?
Cataracts
What are the signs of glaucoma in horses?
Hydropthalmos Corneal oedema Corneal Striae Lens luxation Blindness
Pain not as severe as other spp
What are the 3 stepd to diagnosing glaucoma?
Clinical Signs
tonometry
US
Which SA drug are CONTRAINDICATED in equine Glaucoma?
PG derivatives
How can glaucoma be treated surgically?
Ciliary body destruction (laser or gent)
Aq shunt
Enlucleation
