SA Repro

Question 1

what are the clinical signs of pseudopregnancy?

Answer 1

2 mammary glands swollen.

Nest making, lactation, aggression.

Question 2

How is pseudopregnancy treated?

Answer 2

Most require no Tx.

Can give galastop: (cabergoline) 5ug/kg SID PO.

Question 3

Why do permanent pseudopregnancies occur?

Answer 3

spay 25d post-ovulation - prolactin high!

SPAY IN ANOESTRUS

Question 4

What is the pathogenesis for canine pyometra?

Answer 4

P4 induced endometrial hyperplasia –> pyometra

Question 5

What is the causative agent for 80% of cases of canine pyometra?

Answer 5

E coli

Question 6

What is the Tx of choice for pyometra?

Answer 6

Surgery

Question 7

Outline the medical Tx of pyometra.

Answer 7

ABs 4w after cure
IVFT
PGs - closprostenol EOD or lutalyse TID
Cabergoline SID 2w

Question 8

Over what value of progesterone is a bitch likely to get pregnant?

Answer 8

> 6ng/ml

Question 9

Which licenced hormone can be given post-mating to induce abortion?

Answer 9

Oestrogens - 3/5/7d

Aglepristone - x2, 24h apart in 1st 45d.

Question 10

Which unlicenced hormone can be given post-mating to induce abortion?

Answer 10

Prostaglandins: BID for 5d
Cabergoline: SID

Question 11

What can be given to the queen to induce abortion?

Answer 11

Oestrogen 1-2d post-mating

Cabergoline + cloprostenol: 30-40d post-mating for best results.

Question 12

What are the 2 most common causes for failed breeding?

Answer 12

1. Mistiming

2. Male infertility

Question 13

What motility, grade and normal morphology % would be considered excellent in terms of semen quality?

Answer 13

Motility >85%
Normal >80%
Grade 4-5

Question 14

What motility, grade and normal morphology % would be considered poor in terms of semen quality?

Answer 14

Motility <70%
Normal <70%
Grade 1-2

Question 15

How are ovarian cysts diagnosed in the bitch?

Answer 15

P4 >2ng/mg for 9-10w

Question 16

How are ovarian cysts treated in the dog?

Answer 16

Sx removal

Question 17

What are the 2 causes of short IOI in the bitch?

Answer 17

Ovarian Hyperstimulation (follicular cyst/GCT)
Premature fall in P4

Question 18

What is a follicular cyst?

Answer 18

Thin walled structure.
>1cm
Contains serous fluid

Question 19

How are follicular cysts treated?

Answer 19

Surgical aspiration
Ovariectomy

GnRH +hCG

Question 20

What are the signs of follicular cysts in the bitch?

Answer 20

Persistent Oestrus

High persistent oestrogen levels

Question 21

What is produced by granulosa cell tumorus?

Answer 21

Mostly oestrogens

can produce P4

Question 22

How do Algepristone and cabergoline cause shorter IOIs?

Answer 22

Decrease P4 levels

Question 23

Which 2 protozoal infections cause abortion in the bitch?

Answer 23

Toxoplasma Gondii

Neospora Caninum

Question 24

Which 2 viruses commonly cause abortion in the bitch?

Answer 24

CHV and CDV

Question 25

What are 2 advantages in terms of fertility, with AI vs natural service of the bitch?

Answer 25

Higher Welping Ratio | High Avg litter size

Question 26

How long is gestation in the bitch?

Answer 26

58-70d

Question 27

Which species specific bacteria may cause abortion in the bitch?

Answer 27

Brucella Canis

Question 28

Which gestational endrocrinopathy is caused by inc GH release?

Answer 28

Gestational Diabetes | GH insulin antagonist - chronic hyperglycaemia leads to abortion

Question 29

What is the cause of pregnancy hypoglycaemia in the bitch?

Answer 29

Poor nutrition in late gestation

Question 30

How long does 1st stage labour last in the bitch?

Answer 30

36h if maiden/nervous | 6-12 in other dogs

Question 31

How long does 2nd stage labour last in the bitch?

Answer 31

3-12h | DON'T LET IT EXCEED 12H

Question 32

What length of time occurs between births of littermates?

Answer 32

5-120m

Question 33

How long does 3rd stage labour last in the bitch?

Answer 33

15m after each delivery Greenish discharge normal for 3w

Question 34

How is uterine inertia in the bitch treated?

Answer 34

10% Ca gluconate 10m Oxytocin IV Repeat q30m if necessary.

Question 35

Which type of bacteria often cause acute metritis and where does it originate?

Answer 35

Gram -ve ascending infection

Question 36

How is acute metritis treated?

Answer 36

IV fluids, ABs, oxytocin.

Question 37

Which dogs are predisposed to eclampsia?

Answer 37

Small breeds with large litters

Question 38

What are the clinical signs of eclampsia and when do they first appear?

Answer 38

Restlessness/pant/pace Stiffness > spasm > seizures within 21d of parturition

Question 39

How is eclampsia treated?

Answer 39

IV Ca and supplements throughout lactation

Question 40

What commonly causes agalactia and how is it treated?

Answer 40

2e (failure to eject) | Metaclopramide and domperidone

Question 41

What should be given in severe cases of acute mastitis?

Answer 41

Galastop

Question 42

How is galactostasis treated and which 2 glands are commonly affected?

Answer 42

Caudal 2 glands - massage and apply cold compress

Question 43

How can you encourage a bitch to accept her pups?

Answer 43

Put placenta on pups | ACP to calm bitch

Question 44

How should the bitch be fed post-whelping?

Answer 44

In whelping box

Question 45

What 2 cell types predominate on vaginal cytology of a bitch in oestrus?

Answer 45

Large intermediate | Cornified

Question 46

What 2 cell types predominate on vaginal cytology of a bitch in anoestrus/metostrus?

Answer 46

Parabasal | Small intermediate

Question 47

Which stage of the oestrus cycle is a vaginal cytology foamy?

Answer 47

Metoestrus

Question 48

Which stage of the oestrus cycle does vaginal cytology contain a significant absence of bacteria and WBCs?

Answer 48

Oestrus

Question 49

In vaginal cytology, which stage of the oestrus cycle would you find the most WBCs?

Answer 49

Metoestrus

Question 50

What are the features of vaginal cytology in pro-oestrus?

Answer 50

Parabasal cells S and L intermediates Some WBC and RBCs Bacteria Present

Question 51

If measuring P4, when should a bitch be mated?

Answer 51

Rise in P4 >4ng/ml - mate in 1 and 3 days.

Question 52

How is CHV spread?

Answer 52

Direct Contact: oronasal, venereal, transplacental

Question 53

What is the effect of CHV on neonates <3w old?

Answer 53

Acute, fatal Dz: V+/D+ Haemorrhage

Question 54

What is the effect of CHV on adult dogs?

Answer 54

Carrier status | Some repro problems

Question 55

What is the difficulty of PCR identification for CHV?

Answer 55

False negatives during latency

Question 56

When are herpesvirus vaccinations given to the dog?

Answer 56

1: Heat/7-10d post-mating 2: 6w later Booster: at each pregnancy w/same schedule