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Veterinary Medicine > SA Repro > Flashcards

SA Repro Flashcards

1
Q

what are the clinical signs of pseudopregnancy?

A

2 mammary glands swollen.

Nest making, lactation, aggression.

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2
Q

How is pseudopregnancy treated?

A

Most require no Tx.

Can give galastop: (cabergoline) 5ug/kg SID PO.

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3
Q

Why do permanent pseudopregnancies occur?

A

spay 25d post-ovulation - prolactin high!

SPAY IN ANOESTRUS

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4
Q

What is the pathogenesis for canine pyometra?

A

P4 induced endometrial hyperplasia –> pyometra

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5
Q

What is the causative agent for 80% of cases of canine pyometra?

A

E coli

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6
Q

What is the Tx of choice for pyometra?

A

Surgery

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7
Q

Outline the medical Tx of pyometra.

A

ABs 4w after cure
IVFT
PGs - closprostenol EOD or lutalyse TID
Cabergoline SID 2w

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8
Q

Over what value of progesterone is a bitch likely to get pregnant?

A

> 6ng/ml

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9
Q

Which licenced hormone can be given post-mating to induce abortion?

A

Oestrogens - 3/5/7d

Aglepristone - x2, 24h apart in 1st 45d.

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10
Q

Which unlicenced hormone can be given post-mating to induce abortion?

A

Prostaglandins: BID for 5d
Cabergoline: SID

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11
Q

What can be given to the queen to induce abortion?

A

Oestrogen 1-2d post-mating

Cabergoline + cloprostenol: 30-40d post-mating for best results.

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12
Q

What are the 2 most common causes for failed breeding?

A
  1. Mistiming

2. Male infertility

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13
Q

What motility, grade and normal morphology % would be considered excellent in terms of semen quality?

A

Motility >85%
Normal >80%
Grade 4-5

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14
Q

What motility, grade and normal morphology % would be considered poor in terms of semen quality?

A

Motility <70%
Normal <70%
Grade 1-2

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15
Q

How are ovarian cysts diagnosed in the bitch?

A

P4 >2ng/mg for 9-10w

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16
Q

How are ovarian cysts treated in the dog?

A

Sx removal

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17
Q

What are the 2 causes of short IOI in the bitch?

A 
Ovarian Hyperstimulation (follicular cyst/GCT)
Premature fall in P4
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18
Q

What is a follicular cyst?

A

Thin walled structure.
>1cm
Contains serous fluid

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19
Q

How are follicular cysts treated?

A

Surgical aspiration
Ovariectomy

GnRH +hCG

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20
Q

What are the signs of follicular cysts in the bitch?

A

Persistent Oestrus

High persistent oestrogen levels

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21
Q

What is produced by granulosa cell tumorus?

A

Mostly oestrogens

can produce P4

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22
Q

How do Algepristone and cabergoline cause shorter IOIs?

A

Decrease P4 levels

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23
Q

Which 2 protozoal infections cause abortion in the bitch?

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

Neospora Caninum

24
Q

Which 2 viruses commonly cause abortion in the bitch?

A

CHV and CDV

25
Q

What are 2 advantages in terms of fertility, with AI vs natural service of the bitch?

A

Higher Welping Ratio

High Avg litter size

26
Q

How long is gestation in the bitch?

A

58-70d

27
Q

Which species specific bacteria may cause abortion in the bitch?

A

Brucella Canis

28
Q

Which gestational endrocrinopathy is caused by inc GH release?

A

Gestational Diabetes

GH insulin antagonist - chronic hyperglycaemia leads to abortion

29
Q

What is the cause of pregnancy hypoglycaemia in the bitch?

A

Poor nutrition in late gestation

30
Q

How long does 1st stage labour last in the bitch?

A

36h if maiden/nervous

6-12 in other dogs

31
Q

How long does 2nd stage labour last in the bitch?

A

3-12h

DON’T LET IT EXCEED 12H

32
Q

What length of time occurs between births of littermates?

A

5-120m

33
Q

How long does 3rd stage labour last in the bitch?

A

15m after each delivery

Greenish discharge normal for 3w

34
Q

How is uterine inertia in the bitch treated?

A

10% Ca gluconate
10m
Oxytocin IV

Repeat q30m if necessary.

35
Q

Which type of bacteria often cause acute metritis and where does it originate?

A

Gram -ve ascending infection

36
Q

How is acute metritis treated?

A

IV fluids, ABs, oxytocin.

37
Q

Which dogs are predisposed to eclampsia?

A

Small breeds with large litters

38
Q

What are the clinical signs of eclampsia and when do they first appear?

A

Restlessness/pant/pace
Stiffness > spasm > seizures
within 21d of parturition

39
Q

How is eclampsia treated?

A

IV Ca and supplements throughout lactation

40
Q

What commonly causes agalactia and how is it treated?

A

2e (failure to eject)

Metaclopramide and domperidone

41
Q

What should be given in severe cases of acute mastitis?

A

Galastop

42
Q

How is galactostasis treated and which 2 glands are commonly affected?

A

Caudal 2 glands - massage and apply cold compress

43
Q

How can you encourage a bitch to accept her pups?

A

Put placenta on pups

ACP to calm bitch

44
Q

How should the bitch be fed post-whelping?

A

In whelping box

45
Q

What 2 cell types predominate on vaginal cytology of a bitch in oestrus?

A

Large intermediate

Cornified

46
Q

What 2 cell types predominate on vaginal cytology of a bitch in anoestrus/metostrus?

A

Parabasal

Small intermediate

47
Q

Which stage of the oestrus cycle is a vaginal cytology foamy?

A

Metoestrus

48
Q

Which stage of the oestrus cycle does vaginal cytology contain a significant absence of bacteria and WBCs?

A

Oestrus

49
Q

In vaginal cytology, which stage of the oestrus cycle would you find the most WBCs?

A

Metoestrus

50
Q

What are the features of vaginal cytology in pro-oestrus?

A

Parabasal cells
S and L intermediates
Some WBC and RBCs
Bacteria Present

51
Q

If measuring P4, when should a bitch be mated?

A

Rise in P4 >4ng/ml - mate in 1 and 3 days.

52
Q

How is CHV spread?

A

Direct Contact: oronasal, venereal, transplacental

53
Q

What is the effect of CHV on neonates <3w old?

A

Acute, fatal Dz:
V+/D+
Haemorrhage

54
Q

What is the effect of CHV on adult dogs?

A

Carrier status

Some repro problems

55
Q

What is the difficulty of PCR identification for CHV?

A

False negatives during latency

56
Q

When are herpesvirus vaccinations given to the dog?

A

1: Heat/7-10d post-mating
2: 6w later
Booster: at each pregnancy w/same schedule

Veterinary Medicine (68 decks)

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