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Exotics (Basics Y1/2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Dental Formulae of a rabbit?

A

I2/1 C0/0 P3/2 M3/3

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2
Q

What is the normal HR of a rabbit?

A

150-300bpm

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3
Q

What s the normal RR of a rabbit?

A

30-60bpm (nasal breather)

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4
Q

What is the normal temp of a rabbit?

A

38.5-40oC

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5
Q

What is the age of sexual maturity for a rabbit?

A

16w

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6
Q

How long is rabbit gestation?

A

30-33d

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7
Q

What is the tidal volume for a rabbit?

A

4-6ml/kg

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8
Q

Where are the venipuncture sites in a rabbit? (4)

A

Jugular
Lateral Saphenous
Cephalic
Marginal Ear vein

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9
Q

How do rabbits digest food?

A

Hindgut fermentation

DO have gall bladdr

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10
Q

Rabbits are Caecotrophs. True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

What is absorbed accross the caecal wall?

A

VFAs

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12
Q

Which nervous system innervates the fusus ocli?

A

ANS

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13
Q

How do rabbits excrete excess Ca?

A

In urine as calcium carbonate

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14
Q

Where do rabbits obtain dietary protein?

A

Bacteria in Caecal Pellet

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15
Q

What is special about rabbit neutrophils?

A

Cytoplasm stains pink-red (called heterophils)

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16
Q

What is the life expectancy of a mouse?

A

1-2.5y

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17
Q

What is the life expectancy of a rat?

A

3y

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18
Q

What is the life expectancy of a hamster?

A

1.5-2y

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19
Q

What is the life expectancy of a guinea pig?

A

4-7y

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20
Q

What is the life expectancy of a chinchilla?

A

10-15y

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21
Q

What is the dental formula for a guinea pig?

A

I1/1 C0/0 P1/1 M3/3

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22
Q

What is the dental formula for a mouse?

A

I1/1 C0/0 P0/0 M3/3

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23
Q

Describe the growth of rodent teeth.

A

ANELODONT

ARADICULAR

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24
Q

Rodents do not need starving before surgery. True or False?

A

True - fast gut transit time makes this unecessary

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25
At what age do rodents reach sexual maturity?
6-8w
26
How do you sex a rodent?
Ano-genital distance: female close, boys far.
27
What are the 4 phases of a rat oestrus cycle? How can you tell?
Proestrus Estrus Metestrus Diestrus CYTOLOGY
28
Rodents have a high SA:BW ratio. What are they therefore susceptible to?
Dehydration Hypoglycaemia Hypothermia
29
When are rats most active?
at night - nocturnal
30
Where may the mammary tissue on a female rat be found?
From axilla to groin: 6 pairs of glands
31
What is special about the mouth of a hamster?
Cheek pouches which extend to scapulae.
32
Where do gerbils have a sebaceous gland?
Ventral midline - LARGE
33
What must one be wary of when handling a gerbil?
SLOUGH TAIL if you grab it at tip or middle!
34
What must be fed to guinea pigs constantly and why?
VITAMIN C! scurvy can develop in 4d!!
35
how many mammary glands do guinea pigs have and where?
1 pair - inguinal area
36
how many mammary glands do chinchillas have and where?
2 thoracic, 1 inguinal pair
37
Describe the heart chambers found in reptiles.
3 chambers: - 2 atria - 1 common ventricle.
38
Which gland can control metabolism in reptiles?
Pineal - responds to light
39
What is the role of UVA for the reptile?
Reproductive trigger
40
What is the role of UVB for the reptile?
Vitamin D conversion
41
What are the 4 triggers of hibernation?
Temperature Photoperiod Food Supply body Size
42
Why is a reptile skeleton slower to heal than that of a mammal?
Lack Haversian system
43
What is the optimal Ca:P ratio for a reptile?
2:1
44
Which disease of reptiles can develop with an incorrect Ca:P ratio?
Metabolic Bone Dz
45
What is special about reptilian blood?
Nucleated
46
Which tube should be used when taking a blood sample from a reptile and why?
Lithium Heparin EDTA lyses reptilian blood
47
What is the major anatomical difference between mammalian and reptilian respiratory systems?
No diaphragm in reptiles!!
48
Which reptiles possess a bladder?
Chelonians | Some lizards
49
How can you determine the sex of most reptiles?
Genotyping!!
50
What controls skin shedding in reptiles?
Thyroid gland
51
What are the names for the two halves of a tortoise shell?
Carapace | Plastron
52
Where are the tow venipuncture sites on the toroise?
Jugular | Dorsal Coccygeal
53
Why are chelonia difficult to anesthetise?
Can switch to anaerobic metabolism
54
Why are chelonians prone to pneumonia?
No Diaphragm so can't cough
55
Where are the kidneys located on a chelonian?
Under caudal carapace
56
Describe the morphology of a female plastron. (chelonian)
Convex/Flat
57
Describe the morphology of a male plastron. (chelonian)
Concave
58
In the lizard, which spinal vertebrae do not have ribs?
Cervical
59
What are the venipuncture sites on the lizard?
Ventral coccygeal vein | Axillary venous plexus
60
Which organs can be found in the cranial 1/3 of the snake?
Heart, Trachea, Oesophagus, Thyroid, Lung
61
Which organs can be found in the middle 1/3 of the snake?
Stomach, liver, lung, spleen, pancreas
62
Which organs can be found in the caudal 1/3 of the snake?
intestine, kidney, gonads
63
How does a snake open its jaw so wide?
No mandibular symphysis No middle ear cavity Loose Articulation
64
Where are the venipuncture sites in a snake?
Ventral coccygeal Cardiac Dorsal Palatine
65
At what age do snakes reach sexual maturity?
1-5y
66
What is the lifespan of a ferret?
6-10y
67
How should a ferret be handled?
Support under rump (long spine)
68
What is the permanent dentition of a ferret?
I3/3 C1/1 P3/3 M1/2
69
What diet should ferrets be fed?
Meat - OBLIGATE CARNIVORE
70
how does the biochem of a ferret with kidney Dz differ from dog/cat?
Urea rises. Creatinine does not!
71
Why are ferrets susceptible to heat exhaustion?
No sweat glands
72
Why is anal gland surgery pointless in the ferret?
Most of smell is from sebaceous glands
73
What is the best indicator of CV performance in the ferret?
Urine output
74
What are the 2 venipuncture sites in the ferret?
Cephalic Vein | Jugular Vein
75
When do ferrets hit puberty?
6-9m
76
What is special about ferret oestrus?
Reflex ovulators - failure to breed results in continual high oestrogen exposure, BM supp and death
77
What endocrine disease is common in ferrets? How does it present?
Adrenal disease - alopecia
78
What is the cause of adrenal disease in ferrets?
neutering females removes feedback inhibition. | LH continually stimulates adrenals --> hyperplasia
79
How can we prevent adrenal disease in ferrets?
Keep Jill with vasectomised hob | GnRH depot

Veterinary Medicine (68 decks)

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