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Veterinary Medicine > Exotics (Basics Y1/2) > Flashcards

Exotics (Basics Y1/2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Dental Formulae of a rabbit?

A

I2/1 C0/0 P3/2 M3/3

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2
Q

What is the normal HR of a rabbit?

A

150-300bpm

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3
Q

What s the normal RR of a rabbit?

A

30-60bpm (nasal breather)

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4
Q

What is the normal temp of a rabbit?

A

38.5-40oC

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5
Q

What is the age of sexual maturity for a rabbit?

A

16w

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6
Q

How long is rabbit gestation?

A

30-33d

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7
Q

What is the tidal volume for a rabbit?

A

4-6ml/kg

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8
Q

Where are the venipuncture sites in a rabbit? (4)

A

Jugular
Lateral Saphenous
Cephalic
Marginal Ear vein

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9
Q

How do rabbits digest food?

A

Hindgut fermentation

DO have gall bladdr

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10
Q

Rabbits are Caecotrophs. True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

What is absorbed accross the caecal wall?

A

VFAs

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12
Q

Which nervous system innervates the fusus ocli?

A

ANS

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13
Q

How do rabbits excrete excess Ca?

A

In urine as calcium carbonate

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14
Q

Where do rabbits obtain dietary protein?

A

Bacteria in Caecal Pellet

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15
Q

What is special about rabbit neutrophils?

A

Cytoplasm stains pink-red (called heterophils)

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16
Q

What is the life expectancy of a mouse?

A

1-2.5y

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17
Q

What is the life expectancy of a rat?

A

3y

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18
Q

What is the life expectancy of a hamster?

A

1.5-2y

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19
Q

What is the life expectancy of a guinea pig?

A

4-7y

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20
Q

What is the life expectancy of a chinchilla?

A

10-15y

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21
Q

What is the dental formula for a guinea pig?

A

I1/1 C0/0 P1/1 M3/3

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22
Q

What is the dental formula for a mouse?

A

I1/1 C0/0 P0/0 M3/3

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23
Q

Describe the growth of rodent teeth.

A

ANELODONT

ARADICULAR

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24
Q

Rodents do not need starving before surgery. True or False?

A

True - fast gut transit time makes this unecessary

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25
Q

At what age do rodents reach sexual maturity?

A

6-8w

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26
Q

How do you sex a rodent?

A

Ano-genital distance: female close, boys far.

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27
Q

What are the 4 phases of a rat oestrus cycle? How can you tell?

A

Proestrus
Estrus
Metestrus
Diestrus

CYTOLOGY

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28
Q

Rodents have a high SA:BW ratio. What are they therefore susceptible to?

A

Dehydration
Hypoglycaemia
Hypothermia

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29
Q

When are rats most active?

A

at night - nocturnal

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30
Q

Where may the mammary tissue on a female rat be found?

A

From axilla to groin: 6 pairs of glands

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31
Q

What is special about the mouth of a hamster?

A

Cheek pouches which extend to scapulae.

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32
Q

Where do gerbils have a sebaceous gland?

A

Ventral midline - LARGE

33
Q

What must one be wary of when handling a gerbil?

A

SLOUGH TAIL if you grab it at tip or middle!

34
Q

What must be fed to guinea pigs constantly and why?

A

VITAMIN C! scurvy can develop in 4d!!

35
Q

how many mammary glands do guinea pigs have and where?

A

1 pair - inguinal area

36
Q

how many mammary glands do chinchillas have and where?

A

2 thoracic, 1 inguinal pair

37
Q

Describe the heart chambers found in reptiles.

A

3 chambers:

  • 2 atria
  • 1 common ventricle.
38
Q

Which gland can control metabolism in reptiles?

A

Pineal - responds to light

39
Q

What is the role of UVA for the reptile?

A

Reproductive trigger

40
Q

What is the role of UVB for the reptile?

A

Vitamin D conversion

41
Q

What are the 4 triggers of hibernation?

A

Temperature
Photoperiod
Food Supply
body Size

42
Q

Why is a reptile skeleton slower to heal than that of a mammal?

A

Lack Haversian system

43
Q

What is the optimal Ca:P ratio for a reptile?

A

2:1

44
Q

Which disease of reptiles can develop with an incorrect Ca:P ratio?

A

Metabolic Bone Dz

45
Q

What is special about reptilian blood?

A

Nucleated

46
Q

Which tube should be used when taking a blood sample from a reptile and why?

A

Lithium Heparin

EDTA lyses reptilian blood

47
Q

What is the major anatomical difference between mammalian and reptilian respiratory systems?

A

No diaphragm in reptiles!!

48
Q

Which reptiles possess a bladder?

A

Chelonians

Some lizards

49
Q

How can you determine the sex of most reptiles?

A

Genotyping!!

50
Q

What controls skin shedding in reptiles?

A

Thyroid gland

51
Q

What are the names for the two halves of a tortoise shell?

A

Carapace

Plastron

52
Q

Where are the tow venipuncture sites on the toroise?

A

Jugular

Dorsal Coccygeal

53
Q

Why are chelonia difficult to anesthetise?

A

Can switch to anaerobic metabolism

54
Q

Why are chelonians prone to pneumonia?

A

No Diaphragm so can’t cough

55
Q

Where are the kidneys located on a chelonian?

A

Under caudal carapace

56
Q

Describe the morphology of a female plastron. (chelonian)

A

Convex/Flat

57
Q

Describe the morphology of a male plastron. (chelonian)

A

Concave

58
Q

In the lizard, which spinal vertebrae do not have ribs?

A

Cervical

59
Q

What are the venipuncture sites on the lizard?

A

Ventral coccygeal vein

Axillary venous plexus

60
Q

Which organs can be found in the cranial 1/3 of the snake?

A

Heart, Trachea, Oesophagus, Thyroid, Lung

61
Q

Which organs can be found in the middle 1/3 of the snake?

A

Stomach, liver, lung, spleen, pancreas

62
Q

Which organs can be found in the caudal 1/3 of the snake?

A

intestine, kidney, gonads

63
Q

How does a snake open its jaw so wide?

A

No mandibular symphysis
No middle ear cavity
Loose Articulation

64
Q

Where are the venipuncture sites in a snake?

A

Ventral coccygeal
Cardiac
Dorsal Palatine

65
Q

At what age do snakes reach sexual maturity?

A

1-5y

66
Q

What is the lifespan of a ferret?

A

6-10y

67
Q

How should a ferret be handled?

A

Support under rump (long spine)

68
Q

What is the permanent dentition of a ferret?

A

I3/3 C1/1 P3/3 M1/2

69
Q

What diet should ferrets be fed?

A

Meat - OBLIGATE CARNIVORE

70
Q

how does the biochem of a ferret with kidney Dz differ from dog/cat?

A

Urea rises. Creatinine does not!

71
Q

Why are ferrets susceptible to heat exhaustion?

A

No sweat glands

72
Q

Why is anal gland surgery pointless in the ferret?

A

Most of smell is from sebaceous glands

73
Q

What is the best indicator of CV performance in the ferret?

A

Urine output

74
Q

What are the 2 venipuncture sites in the ferret?

A

Cephalic Vein

Jugular Vein

75
Q

When do ferrets hit puberty?

A

6-9m

76
Q

What is special about ferret oestrus?

A

Reflex ovulators - failure to breed results in continual high oestrogen exposure, BM supp and death

77
Q

What endocrine disease is common in ferrets? How does it present?

A

Adrenal disease - alopecia

78
Q

What is the cause of adrenal disease in ferrets?

A

neutering females removes feedback inhibition.

LH continually stimulates adrenals –> hyperplasia

79
Q

How can we prevent adrenal disease in ferrets?

A

Keep Jill with vasectomised hob

GnRH depot

Veterinary Medicine (68 decks)

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