Toxicology (FA) Flashcards
How do the 2 forms of bovine lead poisoning present?
Acute: young calf. Neuro signs and death in 24h.
Subacute: Adult. live for several days. Atony and neuro signs.
How do the 2 forms of ovine lead poisoning present?
Chronic: Lambs - nephrosis. Adults - abortion.
Subacute: Adult. live for several days. Atony and neuro signs.
What blood Pb level is diagnostic for lead poisoning?
> 0.48umol/L
How is lead poisoning treated?
Chelate!
Thiamine
Support
+ rumenotomy
REMOVE FROM SOURCE
What are the clinical signs of Cu toxicity in sheep and how is it diagnosed?
Sudden depression, Hburia and Jaundice/anaemia. Death.
PM kidney levels of Cu/
Which 2 Cu antagonists can be used to treat Cu toxicity?
Molybdenum
Sulphur
Excess supplementation of what causes CV/Resp/Urinary toxicity with 2e lymph damage?
Selenium
How is Se toxicity diagnosed?
Liver Se levels (PM)
What are the signs of nitrate poisoning and how do they occur?
anoxia, Cyanosis, Tahcypnoea/cardia
Haemoglobin converted to methaemoglobin due to high nitrite - reduced O2 capacity.
How is nitrite poisoning diagnosed/treated?
Blood - protein bound nitrite, chocolate coloured blood.
Methylene Blue IV
Ingestion of which plant causes enzootic haematuria, bladder wall tumours and ovine birght blindness?
Bracken
Access to woodland may allow cows to eat a toxic plant which causes vomiting and other GI/neuro signs and death - what is this plant?
Rhododendron
A cow presenting in the autumn with GI ulcers, azotaemia and raised liver enzymes may indicate ingestion of which toxins?
Oak/Acorn
Which plants may cause hypothyroidism, goitre and hypocalcaemia?
Rape and Kale
Which 3 plants may cause photosensitization?
Ragwort, St Johns Wort, Bog Asphodel
