Mastitis Flashcards
What are the 3 environmental mastitis pathogens?
E coli
Strep Uberis
Klebsiella
What are the 6 contagious mastitis pathogens?
Strep uberis Strep Agalactiae Strep Dysgalactiae Staph Aureus Coag -ve staphs Mycoplasma
What is Grade 1 mastitis?
Mild - milk chanegs
What is grade 2a mastitis?
Acute:
Milk changes
Udder hot/pain
What is grade 2c mastitis?
Chronic
Milk Change
Udder hard/lumpy
What is grade 3 mastitis?
Milk changes
Cow Sick
What are the 4 parts of the Mammary Gland innate immunity?
Teat Skin
Teat Canal (+Plug)
Resident Leukocytes
Antimicrobial substances in milk
What are the 4 causes of Teat End hyperkeratosis?
Excessive milking vacuums
Faulty pulsations
Liner types
Teat shape
Which antimicrobial substances occur in milk?
Lactoperoxidase (stat)
Lactoferrin (stat)
Lysozyme (cidal)
Complement (cidal)
When is the high risk period for acquiring mastits?
Dry Period
What are the 6 methods of monitoring mastitis on farm?
In-parlour monitoring Clinical Case Records SCC Bulk Tank Bactoscan Bacteriology Multiplex PCR
What is the UK target for clinical mastitis cases per 100cows/year?
<30
Milk exceeding what SCC level will be excluded from the supermarkets?
> 250,000
What is the 1st step in reducing high bulk talk SCC?
Identify and remove problem cows - TREAT!
What antibiotic can be given intra-mammary for 6d for S. aureus and S uberis infection?
Cloxacillin
What antibiotic should be given systemically alongside an intramammary Tx?
Tylosin
On milk bacteriology you identify 4 pathogens - what does this indicate?
Contaminated sample if >3: REPEAT!
What are the 5 points of the mastitis 5 point plan?
- Post-=milk teat disinfection
- Dry cow therapy
- Prompt Tx
- Cull Chronic
- Maintain Milking Machine
What ABs can be used to Tx Step agalactiae/dusgalactiae?
Penicillins
What can be used ot prevent e coli mastitis?
Startvac vaccine
What is the most sensitive method for identifying mastitis agents?
PCR
Which 3 areas on the cow are assessed for hygiene scoring?
Udder
Below Hock
Upper leg and flank
Which cows should be given DC therapy?
Low SCC
No recent mastitis
no teat damage
good health
How do teat warts predispose cows to mastitis?
Harbour Bacteria
Dec liner attachment
How are teat warts treated?
MOST - self cure
can ligate, remove surgically/cryo
SEVERE: autogenous vacc
What causes pseudocowpox and how is it treated?
Parapox virus
PMTD (teat dip)
A cow presents with painful, vesicular ulcers over her teat - what is causing this? Tx?
BHV-2
Self-heals slowly - milk last to reduce spread.
What is cow pox transmitted by and how does it present?
Cats
Painful vesicles, ulcers and scabs
What is the underlying pathology of “black spot”?
Teat damage + 2e infection w/F. necrophorum
How is black spot treated?
Topical ABs + check machine
Which pathogen causes pustular lesions on teat and udder skin? Tx?
Staph aureus (impetigo)
PMTD + antiseptic udder cream
What 2 Tx can you give to cows with udder sunburn?
NSAID
Sunblock (/dark room)
When should teat disinfectants be used?
Pre AND post milking
What is a teat pea and how is it treated?
Pedunculated granuloma blockigng milk flow
Hudsons spiral/mosquito forceps + ABs!
How is teat stenosis treated?
LOCAL + Sedate
Insert teat knife, rotate.
insert canula + ABs
How is a cut teat treated?
Xylazine + raise 1 HL. Local block Clean Suture/glue teat ABs
How much lighting should a cow get?
16-18h per day
inc yield by 2L
What % should the cow comfort quotient be above?
> 80%
What does a cow lying diagonally in a cubicle indicate?
Cubicle too wide
What does a cow lying backwards in a cubicle indicate?
Kerb too high
What does a cow standing halfway in a cubicle indicate?
head rail too near kerb - can’t rise without hitting head
Which 2 cluster factors can cause poor teat ciruclation?
Insufficient rest phase or vacuum set too high
How long should loafing time be?
30mins
