Mastitis

Question 1

What are the 3 environmental mastitis pathogens?

Answer 1

E coli
Strep Uberis
Klebsiella

Question 2

What are the 6 contagious mastitis pathogens?

Answer 2

Strep uberis
Strep Agalactiae
Strep Dysgalactiae
Staph Aureus
Coag -ve staphs
Mycoplasma

Question 3

What is Grade 1 mastitis?

Answer 3

Mild - milk chanegs

Question 4

What is grade 2a mastitis?

Answer 4

Acute:
Milk changes
Udder hot/pain

Question 5

What is grade 2c mastitis?

Answer 5

Chronic
Milk Change
Udder hard/lumpy

Question 6

What is grade 3 mastitis?

Answer 6

Milk changes

Cow Sick

Question 7

What are the 4 parts of the Mammary Gland innate immunity?

Answer 7

Teat Skin
Teat Canal (+Plug)
Resident Leukocytes
Antimicrobial substances in milk

Question 8

What are the 4 causes of Teat End hyperkeratosis?

Answer 8

Excessive milking vacuums
Faulty pulsations
Liner types
Teat shape

Question 9

Which antimicrobial substances occur in milk?

Answer 9

Lactoperoxidase (stat)
Lactoferrin (stat)
Lysozyme (cidal)
Complement (cidal)

Question 10

When is the high risk period for acquiring mastits?

Answer 10

Dry Period

Question 11

What are the 6 methods of monitoring mastitis on farm?

Answer 11

In-parlour monitoring
Clinical Case Records
SCC
Bulk Tank Bactoscan
Bacteriology
Multiplex PCR

Question 12

What is the UK target for clinical mastitis cases per 100cows/year?

Answer 12

<30

Question 13

Milk exceeding what SCC level will be excluded from the supermarkets?

Answer 13

> 250,000

Question 14

What is the 1st step in reducing high bulk talk SCC?

Answer 14

Identify and remove problem cows - TREAT!

Question 15

What antibiotic can be given intra-mammary for 6d for S. aureus and S uberis infection?

Answer 15

Cloxacillin

Question 16

What antibiotic should be given systemically alongside an intramammary Tx?

Answer 16

Tylosin

Question 17

On milk bacteriology you identify 4 pathogens - what does this indicate?

Answer 17

Contaminated sample if >3: REPEAT!

Question 18

What are the 5 points of the mastitis 5 point plan?

Answer 18

1. Post-=milk teat disinfection
2. Dry cow therapy
3. Prompt Tx
4. Cull Chronic
5. Maintain Milking Machine

Question 19

What ABs can be used to Tx Step agalactiae/dusgalactiae?

Answer 19

Penicillins

Question 20

What can be used ot prevent e coli mastitis?

Answer 20

Startvac vaccine

Question 21

What is the most sensitive method for identifying mastitis agents?

Answer 21

PCR

Question 22

Which 3 areas on the cow are assessed for hygiene scoring?

Answer 22

Udder
Below Hock
Upper leg and flank

Question 23

Which cows should be given DC therapy?

Answer 23

Low SCC
No recent mastitis
no teat damage
good health

Question 24

How do teat warts predispose cows to mastitis?

Answer 24

Harbour Bacteria

Dec liner attachment

Question 25

How are teat warts treated?

Answer 25

MOST - self cure can ligate, remove surgically/cryo SEVERE: autogenous vacc

Question 26

What causes pseudocowpox and how is it treated?

Answer 26

Parapox virus | PMTD (teat dip)

Question 27

A cow presents with painful, vesicular ulcers over her teat - what is causing this? Tx?

Answer 27

BHV-2 Self-heals slowly - milk last to reduce spread.

Question 28

What is cow pox transmitted by and how does it present?

Answer 28

Cats Painful vesicles, ulcers and scabs

Question 29

What is the underlying pathology of "black spot"?

Answer 29

Teat damage + 2e infection w/F. necrophorum

Question 30

How is black spot treated?

Answer 30

Topical ABs + check machine

Question 31

Which pathogen causes pustular lesions on teat and udder skin? Tx?

Answer 31

Staph aureus (impetigo) PMTD + antiseptic udder cream

Question 32

What 2 Tx can you give to cows with udder sunburn?

Answer 32

NSAID | Sunblock (/dark room)

Question 33

When should teat disinfectants be used?

Answer 33

Pre AND post milking

Question 34

What is a teat pea and how is it treated?

Answer 34

Pedunculated granuloma blockigng milk flow Hudsons spiral/mosquito forceps + ABs!

Question 35

How is teat stenosis treated?

Answer 35

LOCAL + Sedate Insert teat knife, rotate. insert canula + ABs

Question 36

How is a cut teat treated?

Answer 36

``` Xylazine + raise 1 HL. Local block Clean Suture/glue teat ABs ```

Question 37

How much lighting should a cow get?

Answer 37

16-18h per day | inc yield by 2L

Question 38

What % should the cow comfort quotient be above?

Answer 38

>80%

Question 39

What does a cow lying diagonally in a cubicle indicate?

Answer 39

Cubicle too wide

Question 40

What does a cow lying backwards in a cubicle indicate?

Answer 40

Kerb too high

Question 41

What does a cow standing halfway in a cubicle indicate?

Answer 41

head rail too near kerb - can't rise without hitting head

Question 42

Which 2 cluster factors can cause poor teat ciruclation?

Answer 42

Insufficient rest phase or vacuum set too high

Question 43

How long should loafing time be?

Answer 43

30mins