Cardiology (EQ)

Question 1

When may horses have a hyperdynamic arterial pulse?

Answer 1

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 2

Which valve should you listen to first on a equine cardiac exam?

Answer 2

Mitral

Question 3

What is the s1 heart sound?

Answer 3

AV valves shut

Question 4

What is the s2 heart sound?

Answer 4

Aortic/Pulmonic valves shut

Question 5

When is the s3 heart sound?

Answer 5

End of ventricular filling

Question 6

What is the s4 heart sound?

Answer 6

Atrial contraction

Question 7

what heart sound matches the QRS complex on an ECG?

Answer 7

s1

Question 8

what heart sound matches the p wave on an ECG?

Answer 8

s4 - if present

Question 9

what heart sound matches the t wave on an ECG?

Answer 9

S2

Question 10

What is the most commonly used cardiac biomarker in equine medicine?

Answer 10

Troponin

Question 11

What is the P wave?

Answer 11

Atrial Depolarisation

Question 12

What is the QRS complex?

Answer 12

Ventricular Depolarization

Question 13

What is the P-R segment?

Answer 13

Delay at the AVN

Question 14

What is the T wave?

Answer 14

venticular repolarisation

Question 15

Where do the red, black and yellow ECG leads go?

Answer 15

Red: Right
Yellow: Left
Black: Right rear

Question 16

How does a physiological flow murmur sound?

Answer 16

Crescendo-Decrescendo

Systolic

Question 17

How does a physiological filling murmur sound?

Answer 17

Squeaking/Clicking
Short
Diastolic

Question 18

Which holosystolic murmur has its PMI at the apex?

Answer 18

Mitral valve regurg

Question 19

Which pansystolic murmur has its PMI at the apex?

Answer 19

Tricuspid valve regurg

Question 20

At what grade should MV murmurs be investigated?

Answer 20

3+

Question 21

At what grade should TV murmurs be investigated?

Answer 21

4+

Question 22

What is the underlying cause of a loud pansystolic murmur of young horses, with a PMI on the RHS?

Answer 22

VSD

Ddx: TV insufficiency

Question 23

What is the most common cause of a holodiastolic, buzzing murmur n older horses?

Answer 23

Aortic Insufficiency

Question 24

Up to what age is it normal to hear a PDA murmur in the foal?

Answer 24

5d

Question 25

Which arrhythmias are often normal in the horse?

Answer 25

2nd Degree AV block Sinus Arrhythmia

Question 26

What are the 3 most common complaints with AF in the horse?

Answer 26

Poor Performance "fading" in race Epistaxis

Question 27

What is the relationship between AF and heart failure.

Answer 27

HF causes AF - NOT the other way round!

Question 28

How is quinidine sulphate given to a horse in AF?

Answer 28

22mg/kg NGT q2h until resolution (max 5 doses)

Question 29

What are the signs of an atrial ectopic pacemaker on ECG?

Answer 29

P wave morphology strange

Question 30

What are the signs of a ventricular ectopic pacemaker on ECG?

Answer 30

QRS/T morphology strange

Question 31

How is equine lymphangitis treated?

Answer 31

``` Anti-inflammatories Antimicrobials (Staph) Topical Clean Tetanus Cold Compress Walking ```