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Veterinary Medicine > Cardiology (EQ) > Flashcards

Cardiology (EQ) Flashcards

1
Q

When may horses have a hyperdynamic arterial pulse?

A

Aortic Regurgitation

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2
Q

Which valve should you listen to first on a equine cardiac exam?

A

Mitral

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3
Q

What is the s1 heart sound?

A

AV valves shut

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4
Q

What is the s2 heart sound?

A

Aortic/Pulmonic valves shut

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5
Q

When is the s3 heart sound?

A

End of ventricular filling

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6
Q

What is the s4 heart sound?

A

Atrial contraction

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7
Q

what heart sound matches the QRS complex on an ECG?

A

s1

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8
Q

what heart sound matches the p wave on an ECG?

A

s4 - if present

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9
Q

what heart sound matches the t wave on an ECG?

A

S2

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10
Q

What is the most commonly used cardiac biomarker in equine medicine?

A

Troponin

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11
Q

What is the P wave?

A

Atrial Depolarisation

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12
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

Ventricular Depolarization

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13
Q

What is the P-R segment?

A

Delay at the AVN

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14
Q

What is the T wave?

A

venticular repolarisation

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15
Q

Where do the red, black and yellow ECG leads go?

A

Red: Right
Yellow: Left
Black: Right rear

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16
Q

How does a physiological flow murmur sound?

A

Crescendo-Decrescendo

Systolic

17
Q

How does a physiological filling murmur sound?

A

Squeaking/Clicking
Short
Diastolic

18
Q

Which holosystolic murmur has its PMI at the apex?

A

Mitral valve regurg

19
Q

Which pansystolic murmur has its PMI at the apex?

A

Tricuspid valve regurg

20
Q

At what grade should MV murmurs be investigated?

21
Q

At what grade should TV murmurs be investigated?

22
Q

What is the underlying cause of a loud pansystolic murmur of young horses, with a PMI on the RHS?

A

VSD

Ddx: TV insufficiency

23
Q

What is the most common cause of a holodiastolic, buzzing murmur n older horses?

A

Aortic Insufficiency

24
Q

Up to what age is it normal to hear a PDA murmur in the foal?

25
Q

Which arrhythmias are often normal in the horse?

A

2nd Degree AV block

Sinus Arrhythmia

26
Q

What are the 3 most common complaints with AF in the horse?

A

Poor Performance
“fading” in race
Epistaxis

27
Q

What is the relationship between AF and heart failure.

A

HF causes AF - NOT the other way round!

28
Q

How is quinidine sulphate given to a horse in AF?

A

22mg/kg
NGT
q2h until resolution (max 5 doses)

29
Q

What are the signs of an atrial ectopic pacemaker on ECG?

A

P wave morphology strange

30
Q

What are the signs of a ventricular ectopic pacemaker on ECG?

A

QRS/T morphology strange

31
Q

How is equine lymphangitis treated?

A 
Anti-inflammatories
Antimicrobials (Staph)
Topical Clean
Tetanus
Cold Compress
Walking

Veterinary Medicine (68 decks)

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