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Veterinary Medicine > IAP > Flashcards

IAP Flashcards

1
Q

What should the DLWG be of a dairy calf at birth-weaning?

A

0.8kg/day

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2
Q

What should the DLWG be of a dairy calf at weaning - 4m?

A

0.9kg/day

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3
Q

What should the DLWG be of a dairy calf at 4m-breeding?

A

0.7kg/day

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4
Q

What should the DLWG be of a dairy calf during its first pregancy?

A

0.9kg/day

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5
Q

In what order do the following grow: muscle, CNS, fat, bone?

A

CNS
Bone
Muscle
Fat

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6
Q

In the rumen, what is food broken down into?

A

VFAs
Methane
CO2

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7
Q

How is the apparent digestibility of a food calculated?

A

[ (ingested-in faeces)/ ingested] x100

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8
Q

How do we work out ME?

A

Digestible Energy - Methane and Urinary losses

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9
Q

How do we work out Net Energy?

A

ME - SDA (thermic energy release)

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10
Q

What are the 4 metabolic functions of Retinol (vitamin A)?

A

Formation of epithelia
Retinal function
Bone development
Immune function

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency in poultry?

A

pale comb/wattle
stunted growth
ruffled plumage
immunosuppression

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12
Q

Which group of bovines are most likely to acquire Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Intensively reared indoor beef on cereal diet

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13
Q

What type of diet causes Vitamin A deficiency in cats/dogs?

A

All meat - no liver

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14
Q

What is the main sign of vitamin D deficiency? What else may cause this?

A

Rickets/Osteomalacia: lack of dietary Ca/P

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15
Q

How does Vitamin E deficiency present in calves and lambs?

A

Calf: white muscle dz
Lamb: stiff lamb dz

Both are stilted shaky gait.

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16
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin causes progressive nervous system dysfunction?

A

B1 (CCN in ruminants, polyneuritis in chicks)

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17
Q

A vitamin B1 deficiency is treated with what?

A

Thiamine injection

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18
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin causes curled toe paralysis in chicks?

A

B2

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19
Q

For which animal, besides primates, is vitamin C ingestion ESSENTIAL?

A

Guinea Pigs

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20
Q

How does scurvy present?

A

Oedema
Emaciation
Diarrhoea
Collagen Failure

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21
Q

What are the 5 functions of Ca in the body?

A 
Skeletal Structure
Cell Excitability
Muscle Contraction
Blood Coagulation
Enzyme catalyst
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22
Q

What should the range be for dietary Ca:P ratio in most animals?

A

1:1 to 2:1

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23
Q

What are the signs of hypocalcaemia in the dairy cow?

A

flaccid paralysis
recumbency
Rumen stasis
Pupil dilation

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24
Q

When do Milk Fever occur?

A

1 day pre-calving to 3d PP

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25
Q

How is milk fever treated?

A

IV Ca +/- SC Ca

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26
Q

How can we prevent milk fever?

A

Low Ca diet - promote Ca mobilisation in last 3-4w of pregnancy.
High Mg to absorb it.

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27
Q

Which acute condition is caused by hypocalcaemia in the bitch/sow/beef cattle?

A

Eclampsia - spastic paralysis and convulsions at PEAK lactation

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28
Q

Castrated lambs fed a diet high in Ca concentrates may develop what?

A

Urolithiasis

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29
Q

Chronic hypocalcaemia may cause what?

A

Osteomalacia

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30
Q

Which 4 groups are most commonly affected by hypomagnesaemia and what condition do they each present with?

A
  1. Calves fed only milk for 2-3m - Veal/beef suckler
  2. Beef/sheep on straw/fodder crops.
  3. Lactating cattle/sheep. (grass staggers)
    Above: dull, hyperaesthesia, convulsion, death

ALSO Dairy Cattle can be subclinical

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31
Q

What are the risk factors for hypomag?

A

Rapid grass growth
Reduced grass intake
Grass diarrhoea
Nitrogen/K fertilisers

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32
Q

Which ovine disease is caused by copper deficicency?

A

Swayback - congenital (stillborn/weak) or delayed onset (poor growth, weak, death)

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33
Q

Which compound decreases copper absorption?

A

Molybdenum

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34
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cu toxicity?

A

Jaundice
Anorexia
Hepatic Coma
Death

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35
Q

Which animals are prone to dietary iron-deficiency anaemia? How would it present in this group?

A

Indoor Piglets from 10d.

Weak, inappetant, inc RR, pale skin, scour, death. Remain chronically unthrifty.

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36
Q

How do you treat Iron deficiency in pigs?

A

Fe Dextran injection

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37
Q

What is the average DM for grass?

A

20%

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38
Q

What is the average protein content of grass?

A

12%

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39
Q

What is the average ME content of grass?

A

10-12MJ

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40
Q

What is the average fibre content of grass?

A

30%

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41
Q

What is the average protein content of grass sileage?

A

14

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42
Q

What is the average protein content of maize sileage?

A

11

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43
Q

What is the average protein content of barley whole crop?

A

10-11

44
Q

What is the average DM content of grass silage?

A

25%

45
Q

What is the average DM content of maize sileage?

A

30-35%

46
Q

What is the average DM content of barley whole crop?

A

30%+++

47
Q

What is the average ME of grass, maize and barley sileage?

A

11MJ

48
Q

What is the average ME of straw?

A

6.5

49
Q

What is the average CP of straw?

A

3.5-4%

50
Q 
What are the energy requirements of a mature holstein for:
Maintenance
Milk Prod (/L)
A

65MJ/ME

5MJ/ME

51
Q

What is the average appetite of a mature cow?

A

3% Bw as DM

52
Q

What is the average appetite of a dry cow?

A

2.4%

53
Q

What is the average appetite of a sheep?

A

1.5-2.5% BW

54
Q

What is the estimated DMI of a horse?

A

1.5% Bw

55
Q

How do white marks appear on an equine passport?

A

Red ink with hatching

56
Q

How is a whorl marked on an equine passport?

A

—x—

57
Q

How is a prophets thumb marked on an equine passport?

A

Triangle

58
Q

How is a scar marked on an equine passport?

A

arrow

59
Q

What is the minimum size for a loose box for a horse?

A

12 ft x 12ft

60
Q

How often should a horse be shod?

A

every 6-8w

61
Q

Why should straw be introduced gradually to the diet?

A

reduce risk of colonic impaction

62
Q

What is the most ideal method for feeding horses hay?

A

On floor

63
Q

Which cereals have a poor Ca:P ratio?

A

Oats, Barley

64
Q

What food can be used to correct the poor Ca;P balance of cereals?

A

Sugar beet

65
Q

Which condition may occur in obese animals who are acutely starved?

A

Hyperlipaemia

66
Q

At what time point does starvation (in equids) lead to immunosuppression?

A

> 72h

67
Q

What is re-feeding syndrome?

A

Re-introduction of CHO rich food causes spike of glucose & insulin
This can cause NM/CV/CNS dysfunction

68
Q

What is a useful monitor for equine weight loss?

A

Heart and belly girth

69
Q

What is the space requirement for a calf <150kg?

A

1.5m2 in group

70
Q

What is the space requirement for a calf 150-200kg?

A

2m2 in group

71
Q

How long is the incubation period for a chicken egg?

A

21d

72
Q

What temperature should a chicken egg be incubated at?

A

37-38

73
Q

How often should an incubating chickens egg be turned?

A

5-6x day

74
Q

Name 4 bacon breeds of pig.

A

Landrace
Large White
Duroc
Tamworth

75
Q

What should the fat measurement of a pig carcass be for the best price?

A

6.5cm mid-line over last rib (P2 depth)

76
Q

How old are sows when first served?

A

230d (120kg)

77
Q

How long is the gestation length of a pig?

A

3m, 3w, 3d

78
Q

What is the average weaned litter size in the uk?

A

9 piglets

79
Q

When is pregnancy diagnosed in a pig?

A

28 & 35d post service

80
Q

What is the average weaning-service interval in a pig?

A

6d

81
Q

How long are pigs in each of the following:
Dry Sow House?
Farrowing House?
Serving House?

A

Dry: 100d
Farrow: 21-28d
Service: 14d

82
Q

From when until when are pigs kept in farrowing crates?

A

1w pre-farrowing to 3w post-farrowing

83
Q

What temperature should the piglet creep area be in the farrowing pen?

A

30oC

84
Q

Which supplement must intensively reared piglets be given within 3d of birth?

A

Iron

85
Q

What is the weight range for “grower” pigs?

A

15kg (weaning) to 35kg

86
Q

What are the 5 abortion pathogens of the sheep which present a zoonotic risk

A 
Toxoplasma
Chalydophila
Campylobacter
Salmonelaa
Coxiella (Q Fever)
87
Q

Which 3 diseases may cause neurological signs in a sheep in late pregnancy?

A

CCN
Hypocalcaemia
Pregnancy Toxaemia

88
Q

Which 2 diseases may cause neurological signs in a lactating sheep?

A

CCN

Hypomagnesaemia

89
Q

Which 2 diseases may cause neurological signs in a sheep fed on silage?

A

CCN

Listeriosis

90
Q

Which 2 diseases may cause neurological signs in a sheep reared in an area with a heavy tick burden?

A

CCN

Louping ill

91
Q

How do you treat a vaginal prolapse in a sheep?

A

NSAID/AB
Clean & lubricate - replace
Retain

92
Q

how long does stage 1 parturition last in a sheep?

A

6-12h

93
Q

how long does stage 2 parturition last in a sheep?

A

30m-1h

94
Q

how long does stage 3 parturition last in a sheep?

A

3-4h

95
Q

When should we aid lambing? (5)

A 
Only Head/Tail presenting
>60min after water bag
>30m between lambs
>15m Lamb not advanced
Abnormal discharge
96
Q

What is the most common cause of dystocia in the sheep?

A

Foetal Malposition

97
Q

how would you treat a uterine prolapse?

A 
Epidural
Raise HQ
Clean it &amp; remove membranes
Replace
AB+ NSAID
Oxytocin + Ca
98
Q

What are the signs of metritis in a sheep?

A

Septicaemia/toxaemia

Abnormal Vaginal discharge

99
Q

How do we treat metritis in the sheep?

A

AGGRESIVELY

ABs, NSAIDs, Fluids

100
Q

You should warm up a lamb if it is below what temperature?

A

<37oC

101
Q

What are the two most common causes of lamb mortality from 12-24h?

A

Hypoglycaemia

Watery Mouth

102
Q

Which pathogen causes lamb dysentry, and when does it affect the lamb?

A

C. perfringens type B

2-7d

103
Q

Which 4 pathogens are responsible for lamb enteritis in the first week of life?

A

Rotavirus
Colibacillosis
Salmonella
Cryptosporidium

104
Q

What are the 3 causes of neonatal septicaemia in lambs?

A

Septic arthritis
Navel ill
Meningitis

105
Q

Name the 5 most common non-infectious causes of lamb losses in the first week of life

A 
Aspiration Pneumonia
Accident
Predator
Starvation
FMD

Veterinary Medicine (68 decks)

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