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IAP Flashcards

1
Q

What should the DLWG be of a dairy calf at birth-weaning?

A

0.8kg/day

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2
Q

What should the DLWG be of a dairy calf at weaning - 4m?

A

0.9kg/day

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3
Q

What should the DLWG be of a dairy calf at 4m-breeding?

A

0.7kg/day

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4
Q

What should the DLWG be of a dairy calf during its first pregancy?

A

0.9kg/day

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5
Q

In what order do the following grow: muscle, CNS, fat, bone?

A

CNS
Bone
Muscle
Fat

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6
Q

In the rumen, what is food broken down into?

A

VFAs
Methane
CO2

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7
Q

How is the apparent digestibility of a food calculated?

A

[ (ingested-in faeces)/ ingested] x100

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8
Q

How do we work out ME?

A

Digestible Energy - Methane and Urinary losses

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9
Q

How do we work out Net Energy?

A

ME - SDA (thermic energy release)

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10
Q

What are the 4 metabolic functions of Retinol (vitamin A)?

A

Formation of epithelia
Retinal function
Bone development
Immune function

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency in poultry?

A

pale comb/wattle
stunted growth
ruffled plumage
immunosuppression

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12
Q

Which group of bovines are most likely to acquire Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Intensively reared indoor beef on cereal diet

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13
Q

What type of diet causes Vitamin A deficiency in cats/dogs?

A

All meat - no liver

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14
Q

What is the main sign of vitamin D deficiency? What else may cause this?

A

Rickets/Osteomalacia: lack of dietary Ca/P

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15
Q

How does Vitamin E deficiency present in calves and lambs?

A

Calf: white muscle dz
Lamb: stiff lamb dz

Both are stilted shaky gait.

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16
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin causes progressive nervous system dysfunction?

A

B1 (CCN in ruminants, polyneuritis in chicks)

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17
Q

A vitamin B1 deficiency is treated with what?

A

Thiamine injection

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18
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin causes curled toe paralysis in chicks?

A

B2

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19
Q

For which animal, besides primates, is vitamin C ingestion ESSENTIAL?

A

Guinea Pigs

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20
Q

How does scurvy present?

A

Oedema
Emaciation
Diarrhoea
Collagen Failure

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21
Q

What are the 5 functions of Ca in the body?

A 
Skeletal Structure
Cell Excitability
Muscle Contraction
Blood Coagulation
Enzyme catalyst
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22
Q

What should the range be for dietary Ca:P ratio in most animals?

A

1:1 to 2:1

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23
Q

What are the signs of hypocalcaemia in the dairy cow?

A

flaccid paralysis
recumbency
Rumen stasis
Pupil dilation

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24
Q

When do Milk Fever occur?

A

1 day pre-calving to 3d PP

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25
How is milk fever treated?
IV Ca +/- SC Ca
26
How can we prevent milk fever?
Low Ca diet - promote Ca mobilisation in last 3-4w of pregnancy. High Mg to absorb it.
27
Which acute condition is caused by hypocalcaemia in the bitch/sow/beef cattle?
Eclampsia - spastic paralysis and convulsions at PEAK lactation
28
Castrated lambs fed a diet high in Ca concentrates may develop what?
Urolithiasis
29
Chronic hypocalcaemia may cause what?
Osteomalacia
30
Which 4 groups are most commonly affected by hypomagnesaemia and what condition do they each present with?
1. Calves fed only milk for 2-3m - Veal/beef suckler 2. Beef/sheep on straw/fodder crops. 3. Lactating cattle/sheep. (grass staggers) Above: dull, hyperaesthesia, convulsion, death ALSO Dairy Cattle can be subclinical
31
What are the risk factors for hypomag?
Rapid grass growth Reduced grass intake Grass diarrhoea Nitrogen/K fertilisers
32
Which ovine disease is caused by copper deficicency?
Swayback - congenital (stillborn/weak) or delayed onset (poor growth, weak, death)
33
Which compound decreases copper absorption?
Molybdenum
34
What are the clinical signs of Cu toxicity?
Jaundice Anorexia Hepatic Coma Death
35
Which animals are prone to dietary iron-deficiency anaemia? How would it present in this group?
Indoor Piglets from 10d. | Weak, inappetant, inc RR, pale skin, scour, death. Remain chronically unthrifty.
36
How do you treat Iron deficiency in pigs?
Fe Dextran injection
37
What is the average DM for grass?
20%
38
What is the average protein content of grass?
12%
39
What is the average ME content of grass?
10-12MJ
40
What is the average fibre content of grass?
30%
41
What is the average protein content of grass sileage?
14
42
What is the average protein content of maize sileage?
11
43
What is the average protein content of barley whole crop?
10-11
44
What is the average DM content of grass silage?
25%
45
What is the average DM content of maize sileage?
30-35%
46
What is the average DM content of barley whole crop?
30%+++
47
What is the average ME of grass, maize and barley sileage?
11MJ
48
What is the average ME of straw?
6.5
49
What is the average CP of straw?
3.5-4%
50
``` What are the energy requirements of a mature holstein for: Maintenance Milk Prod (/L) ```
65MJ/ME | 5MJ/ME
51
What is the average appetite of a mature cow?
3% Bw as DM
52
What is the average appetite of a dry cow?
2.4%
53
What is the average appetite of a sheep?
1.5-2.5% BW
54
What is the estimated DMI of a horse?
1.5% Bw
55
How do white marks appear on an equine passport?
Red ink with hatching
56
How is a whorl marked on an equine passport?
---x---
57
How is a prophets thumb marked on an equine passport?
Triangle
58
How is a scar marked on an equine passport?
arrow
59
What is the minimum size for a loose box for a horse?
12 ft x 12ft
60
How often should a horse be shod?
every 6-8w
61
Why should straw be introduced gradually to the diet?
reduce risk of colonic impaction
62
What is the most ideal method for feeding horses hay?
On floor
63
Which cereals have a poor Ca:P ratio?
Oats, Barley
64
What food can be used to correct the poor Ca;P balance of cereals?
Sugar beet
65
Which condition may occur in obese animals who are acutely starved?
Hyperlipaemia
66
At what time point does starvation (in equids) lead to immunosuppression?
>72h
67
What is re-feeding syndrome?
Re-introduction of CHO rich food causes spike of glucose & insulin This can cause NM/CV/CNS dysfunction
68
What is a useful monitor for equine weight loss?
Heart and belly girth
69
What is the space requirement for a calf <150kg?
1.5m2 in group
70
What is the space requirement for a calf 150-200kg?
2m2 in group
71
How long is the incubation period for a chicken egg?
21d
72
What temperature should a chicken egg be incubated at?
37-38
73
How often should an incubating chickens egg be turned?
5-6x day
74
Name 4 bacon breeds of pig.
Landrace Large White Duroc Tamworth
75
What should the fat measurement of a pig carcass be for the best price?
6.5cm mid-line over last rib (P2 depth)
76
How old are sows when first served?
230d (120kg)
77
How long is the gestation length of a pig?
3m, 3w, 3d
78
What is the average weaned litter size in the uk?
9 piglets
79
When is pregnancy diagnosed in a pig?
28 & 35d post service
80
What is the average weaning-service interval in a pig?
6d
81
How long are pigs in each of the following: Dry Sow House? Farrowing House? Serving House?
Dry: 100d Farrow: 21-28d Service: 14d
82
From when until when are pigs kept in farrowing crates?
1w pre-farrowing to 3w post-farrowing
83
What temperature should the piglet creep area be in the farrowing pen?
30oC
84
Which supplement must intensively reared piglets be given within 3d of birth?
Iron
85
What is the weight range for "grower" pigs?
15kg (weaning) to 35kg
86
What are the 5 abortion pathogens of the sheep which present a zoonotic risk
``` Toxoplasma Chalydophila Campylobacter Salmonelaa Coxiella (Q Fever) ```
87
Which 3 diseases may cause neurological signs in a sheep in late pregnancy?
CCN Hypocalcaemia Pregnancy Toxaemia
88
Which 2 diseases may cause neurological signs in a lactating sheep?
CCN | Hypomagnesaemia
89
Which 2 diseases may cause neurological signs in a sheep fed on silage?
CCN | Listeriosis
90
Which 2 diseases may cause neurological signs in a sheep reared in an area with a heavy tick burden?
CCN | Louping ill
91
How do you treat a vaginal prolapse in a sheep?
NSAID/AB Clean & lubricate - replace Retain
92
how long does stage 1 parturition last in a sheep?
6-12h
93
how long does stage 2 parturition last in a sheep?
30m-1h
94
how long does stage 3 parturition last in a sheep?
3-4h
95
When should we aid lambing? (5)
``` Only Head/Tail presenting >60min after water bag >30m between lambs >15m Lamb not advanced Abnormal discharge ```
96
What is the most common cause of dystocia in the sheep?
Foetal Malposition
97
how would you treat a uterine prolapse?
``` Epidural Raise HQ Clean it & remove membranes Replace AB+ NSAID Oxytocin + Ca ```
98
What are the signs of metritis in a sheep?
Septicaemia/toxaemia | Abnormal Vaginal discharge
99
How do we treat metritis in the sheep?
AGGRESIVELY | ABs, NSAIDs, Fluids
100
You should warm up a lamb if it is below what temperature?
<37oC
101
What are the two most common causes of lamb mortality from 12-24h?
Hypoglycaemia | Watery Mouth
102
Which pathogen causes lamb dysentry, and when does it affect the lamb?
C. perfringens type B | 2-7d
103
Which 4 pathogens are responsible for lamb enteritis in the first week of life?
Rotavirus Colibacillosis Salmonella Cryptosporidium
104
What are the 3 causes of neonatal septicaemia in lambs?
Septic arthritis Navel ill Meningitis
105
Name the 5 most common non-infectious causes of lamb losses in the first week of life
``` Aspiration Pneumonia Accident Predator Starvation FMD ```

Veterinary Medicine (68 decks)

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