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Veterinary Medicine > Clinical GI (FA) > Flashcards

Clinical GI (FA) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Effective Rumen Degradable Protein?

A

N containing compound broken down to NH4 to feed gut flora

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2
Q

What does high urea in the blood indicate, in terms of nutrition?

A

Excess ERDP - insufficient ME

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3
Q

What is the main product from the breakdown of carbohydrates?

A

VFAs

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4
Q

Where are VFAs absorbed?

A

Across the Rumen wall

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5
Q

How much energy is needed by the cow per day?

A

M: 65-70MJ
P: 5MJ/L

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6
Q

When does a dairy cow reach peak yield?

A

~8w post calving

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7
Q

Which type of feeding causes the dolly parton effect of acidosis?

A

Traditional - Silage at barrier and cake in parlour

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8
Q

What does low Milk Protein indicate?

A

Low Energy in diet

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9
Q

What does Low butterfat % indicate?

A

Lack of fibre

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10
Q

How should the diet change in the dry period?

A

1st 5w: low E, High fibre
last 3w: transition diet

OR

“dry cow diet”: MD 8-8.5, 2” straw. 8-10kg/head/day

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11
Q

What is an easy way to make a transition diet?

A

Add straw/hay to high yielder TMR

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12
Q

Which 2 conditions are caused by obesity in early lactation?

A

Fatty Liver

Type 2 Diabetes

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13
Q

What is normal rumen pH?

A

6-7

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14
Q

How does saliva affect rumen pH?

A

Neutralises Acid - Contains high levels of bicarbonate, released when chewing LONG fibre

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15
Q

What is the pH of the rumen in SARA?

A

<5.5

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16
Q

How long should fibres be in the faeces of a health cow?

A

<1/2”

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17
Q

Where should a rumen sample be taken from

A

6-8” behind last rib at stifle level

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18
Q

What needle/syringe is used to sample the rumen?

A

3-5” 16-18G

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19
Q

Which nutritional disorder may cause a bloated rumen, ataxia, profuse, smelly D+, depression, recumbency and shocl?

A

Acute Ruminal Acidosis

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20
Q

A deficiency of which trace element leads to weak neonates?

A

Iodine

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21
Q

Which cattle herds are most at risk of trace element deficiencies?

A

Beef at pasture

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22
Q

Which age group of cows are most at risk of contracting Johnes?

A

<1yo - ESP 1st 4w

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23
Q

Which age group of cow most commonly display signs of Johnes?

A

> 3yo

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24
Q

What it the major transmission route for Johnes?

A

Oro-Faecal

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25
Q

For each clinical case, how many cows are infected with Johnes?

A

10-25

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26
Q

Which branch of the immune system is protective against Johnes?

A

CMI

27
Q

What does +ve ELISA for Johnes Indicate?

A

Immune control lost. MAP is being shed in faeces

28
Q

What 3 methods of calf husbandry can be employed to lower the risk of Johnes Transmission?

A

Snatch Calving
NO waste milk feeding
NO pooled colostrum feeding

29
Q

What is the lowest risk strategy for buying in stock, with regard to Johnes?

A

Buy from herd with Whole Herd Test -ve on 3 occasions

30
Q

What are the 4 main Ddx for recumbent cow post-calving?

A

Milk Fever
Acute Coliform Mastitis
Botulism
Injury at Calving

31
Q

How is ovine hypocalcaemia treated?

A

20ml CaBG IV (or 80ml SC)

32
Q

How is clinical ketosis treated?

A

Oral Propylene Glycol
Corticosteroids
Glucose 40% IV
Vit B12

33
Q

What is your major Ddx for a hunched, stiff cow with sudden inappetance and milk drop?

A

Traumatic Reticulitis

34
Q

Where is the reticulum?

A

6-8 ICS on LHS

35
Q

What is a normal number of ruminal/reticular contractions in the cow?

A

3 in 2 mins (2 1e: 1 2e)

Eructation in 2e

36
Q

What is the Eric Williams test?

A

Listen for grunt before 1e rumen contraction

37
Q

What does the withers pinch test for?

A

Pain - traumatic reticulitis

38
Q

What may be seen on haematology in a case of traumatic reticulitis?

A

Neutrophilia w/left shift

39
Q

How can traumatic reticulitis cause hyper/hypomotility of the rumen?

A

Vagus nerve injury form wire

40
Q

What is the classic appearance of a cow with vagus indigestion?

A

“10 to 4”
Inappetant
Chaotic contractions

41
Q

Give 3 Ddx for vagus indigestion.

A

Abomasal impaction
Omasal impaction
Abomasal ulceration

42
Q

What is the Tx/Px for vagus indigestion?

A

Poor - Slaughter!

Can attempt lavage/IVFT/ rumenotomy if necessary.

43
Q

How is frothy bloat treated?

A

Drench with surfactant
Exercise.

If emergency: 4-6” incision in L SL fossa.

44
Q

How is free gas bloat treated?

A

Stomach tube to relieve.

Trochar in emergency

45
Q

What are the signs of an LDA in a cow?

A

reduced milk yield
Ketosis
Selective appetite
0-4w PP

46
Q

What pay you hear on auscultation of an LDA?

A

Ping

47
Q

What recumbency should a cow be rolled from and to if an LDA is diagnosed?

A

RL to LL

48
Q

Where should your incision be made for a L>R LDA surgery?

A

5cm caudal to last rib

49
Q

What 2 conditions predispose cows to LDA?

A

Ketosis

Endometritis

50
Q

RDA causes a dilatation of the abomasum. What are 3 systemic metabolic sequelae of this?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis
Hypochloraemia
Dehydration

(due to pooling of H+ and Cl- in abomasum)

51
Q

RDA causes a displacement/torsion of the abomasum. What are 4 systemic metabolic sequelae of this?

A

Metabolic Acidosis
Mucosal Damage
Endotoxaemia
Severe Dehydration

52
Q

What is the medical Tx for RDA?

A

Ca 40%
Metaclopramide
Fluids

53
Q

What should be given post-operatively for RDA surgery?

A 
Antibiotics
IVFT (50-100L)
NSAID
KCl (PO)
Ca 40%
Propylene Glycol
54
Q

A ping in the upper right flank may indicate what Dz?

A

Caecal Dilatation/Volvulus

55
Q

How can a mild Caecal Dilatation be treated?

A

Quality Hay

Supportive care

56
Q

How can a severe Caecal Dilatation/volvulus be treated?

A

Surgical Caecotomy

57
Q

What are the 4 types of abomasal ulcer in the cow?

A

1: non-perforating, minimal haemorrhage
2. major BV perforation, haemorrhage & Melena
3. Perforating ulcer, acute local peritonitis
4. Perforating ulcer w/diffuse peritonitis

58
Q

What is different about the location of abomasal ulcers in calves vs cattle?

A

Cattle: Fundic

Calves: Pyloric

59
Q

What is the 1st line Tx for abomasal ulceration?

A

Antacid: MgO 800g/450kg SID

60
Q

An HCT value of what indicates need for blood transfusion?

A

<12%

61
Q

What is shock rate fluids for a cow?

A

10ml/kg/hr

62
Q

What can be used medically to aid oesophageal obstruction?

A

Sedation
Buscopan
Flunixin

63
Q

How can you provide 1st aid to a cow if you’re unable to relieve an oesophageal obstruction?

A

Trocharise rumen & feed into rumen until obstruction passes.

Veterinary Medicine (68 decks)

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