Imaging Flashcards
How can you tell which side a patient is lying on in a lateral radiograph.
L: crura make V
R: Crura parallel
What causes border effacement of the heart and diaphragm?
Pleural effusion
What are 3 signs of a pneumothorax?
Pleural lucency
Elevated cardiac silhouette
Retraction of lung from thoracic margins
What are 2 Ddx for asymmetry in lung size?
Mass Effect
Atelectasis
Where is pulmonary oedema usually seen?
Caudodorsal lung field?
What is aspiration pneumonia normally seen?
Cranioventral lung field
What is a bronchial pattern?
“tramlines and doughnuts”
What are 3 main causes of a bronchial pattern?
Calcification
Chronic Bronchitis
Peribronchial cuffing
What is bronchiectasis?
Widened bronchi in chronic/severe Dz
What is an alveolar pattern?
Inc opacity - poss border effacement
Air bronchograms
Lobar sign possible
What are 3 causes of diffuse alveolar pattern?
Pneumonia
Oedema
Haemorrhage
What are the possible causes of focal alveolar pattern?
Same as before Tumour Atelectasis Infarct Lobe torsion
What are the causes of an interstitial pattern?
Expiration/obesity/underexposure
What may cause a nodular interstitial pattern?
2e Neoplasia
End on BVs
Pulmonary osteomata
How large must lung neoplasia be to be seen on Rx?
4-5mm surrounded by aerated lung.
Which vertebrae is compared to the axis of the heart in VHS?
T4
Name 4 signs of L sided heart Dz on lateral Rx.
Tracheal elevation
Straight caudal cardiac border
LA enlargement
Bronchial compression caudal to carina
Name 4 signs of R sided heart Dz on lateral Rx.
Inc cardiac width & R side rounding
Inc R:L ratio (3:1)
Increased sternal contact
What sign of R heart Dz may be sen on DV view?
Reverse D shape
What imaging changes may be seen with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?
Interstitial/Alveolar pattern
L sided cardiomegaly
Pulmonary vasc enlargement
what are the 2 signs of MVD?
LA enlargement
Pulmonary Oedema
What may develop in cats with L sided heart failure?
pleural effusion
What are the Rx signs of DCM?
Significant cardiomegaly
What are the Rx changes for feline cardiomyopathies?
generalised cardiomegaly
What signs may be present in pulmonic stenosis?
Post-stenotic bulge
R sided enlargement
What is a characteristic sign of a PDA?
Triple knuckle.
What can be seen in a persistent right aortic arch?
L displaced trachea
Focal megaoesophagus
How can you improve sensitivity of Rx?
Add contrast
When are +ve contrast studies used?
Bladder and GI studies
Should US be performed befoe or after RX?
After - gel artefacts!
Dilation of the hepatic vein and ascites on US indicates what?
R CHF
How can you tell the difference between hepatic and portal veins on US?
Portal veins have echogenic walls
How is biliary Dz assessed on US?
Common bile duct dilation/obstruction
Which anatomical abnormality causes a tracheal stripe sign?
Megaoesophagus
Describe where you would find gas in the stomach on a RL view.
Fundus
Describe where you would find gas in the stomach on a LL view.
Pylorus/Body
Describe where you would find gas in the stomach on a VD view.
Body
Describe where you would find gas in the stomach on a DV view
Fundus (L quadrant)
