Imaging

Question 1

How can you tell which side a patient is lying on in a lateral radiograph.

Answer 1

L: crura make V
R: Crura parallel

Question 2

What causes border effacement of the heart and diaphragm?

Answer 2

Pleural effusion

Question 3

What are 3 signs of a pneumothorax?

Answer 3

Pleural lucency
Elevated cardiac silhouette
Retraction of lung from thoracic margins

Question 4

What are 2 Ddx for asymmetry in lung size?

Answer 4

Mass Effect

Atelectasis

Question 5

Where is pulmonary oedema usually seen?

Answer 5

Caudodorsal lung field?

Question 6

What is aspiration pneumonia normally seen?

Answer 6

Cranioventral lung field

Question 7

What is a bronchial pattern?

Answer 7

“tramlines and doughnuts”

Question 8

What are 3 main causes of a bronchial pattern?

Answer 8

Calcification
Chronic Bronchitis
Peribronchial cuffing

Question 9

What is bronchiectasis?

Answer 9

Widened bronchi in chronic/severe Dz

Question 10

What is an alveolar pattern?

Answer 10

Inc opacity - poss border effacement
Air bronchograms
Lobar sign possible

Question 11

What are 3 causes of diffuse alveolar pattern?

Answer 11

Pneumonia
Oedema
Haemorrhage

Question 12

What are the possible causes of focal alveolar pattern?

Answer 12

Same as before
Tumour
Atelectasis
Infarct
Lobe torsion

Question 13

What are the causes of an interstitial pattern?

Answer 13

Expiration/obesity/underexposure

Question 14

What may cause a nodular interstitial pattern?

Answer 14

2e Neoplasia
End on BVs
Pulmonary osteomata

Question 15

How large must lung neoplasia be to be seen on Rx?

Answer 15

4-5mm surrounded by aerated lung.

Question 16

Which vertebrae is compared to the axis of the heart in VHS?

Answer 16

T4

Question 17

Name 4 signs of L sided heart Dz on lateral Rx.

Answer 17

Tracheal elevation
Straight caudal cardiac border
LA enlargement
Bronchial compression caudal to carina

Question 18

Name 4 signs of R sided heart Dz on lateral Rx.

Answer 18

Inc cardiac width & R side rounding
Inc R:L ratio (3:1)
Increased sternal contact

Question 19

What sign of R heart Dz may be sen on DV view?

Answer 19

Reverse D shape

Question 20

What imaging changes may be seen with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

Answer 20

Interstitial/Alveolar pattern
L sided cardiomegaly
Pulmonary vasc enlargement

Question 21

what are the 2 signs of MVD?

Answer 21

LA enlargement

Pulmonary Oedema

Question 22

What may develop in cats with L sided heart failure?

Answer 22

pleural effusion

Question 23

What are the Rx signs of DCM?

Answer 23

Significant cardiomegaly

Question 24

What are the Rx changes for feline cardiomyopathies?

Answer 24

generalised cardiomegaly

Question 25

What signs may be present in pulmonic stenosis?

Answer 25

Post-stenotic bulge | R sided enlargement

Question 26

What is a characteristic sign of a PDA?

Answer 26

Triple knuckle.

Question 27

What can be seen in a persistent right aortic arch?

Answer 27

L displaced trachea | Focal megaoesophagus

Question 28

How can you improve sensitivity of Rx?

Answer 28

Add contrast

Question 29

When are +ve contrast studies used?

Answer 29

Bladder and GI studies

Question 30

Should US be performed befoe or after RX?

Answer 30

After - gel artefacts!

Question 31

Dilation of the hepatic vein and ascites on US indicates what?

Answer 31

R CHF

Question 32

How can you tell the difference between hepatic and portal veins on US?

Answer 32

Portal veins have echogenic walls

Question 33

How is biliary Dz assessed on US?

Answer 33

Common bile duct dilation/obstruction

Question 34

Which anatomical abnormality causes a tracheal stripe sign?

Answer 34

Megaoesophagus

Question 35

Describe where you would find gas in the stomach on a RL view.

Answer 35

Fundus

Question 36

Describe where you would find gas in the stomach on a LL view.

Answer 36

Pylorus/Body

Question 37

Describe where you would find gas in the stomach on a VD view.

Answer 37

Body

Question 38

Describe where you would find gas in the stomach on a DV view

Answer 38

Fundus (L quadrant)