Clinical Resp Med (EQ)

Question 1

Vaccines are less effective against which strain of equine influenza? Why?

Answer 1

H3N8 - Displays high level of Ag Drift

Question 2

Outbreaks of Fever, Cough, Oedema of URT, Nasal discharge and lethargy are signs of which resp Dz?

Answer 2

Influenza

Question 3

How long is the incubation period for influenza?

Answer 3

5d

Question 4

What are the 2 methods of flu diagnoses?

Answer 4

Nasal swab and PCR

Rising Ab titre over 2-4w

Question 5

How long should horses rest after influenza?

Answer 5

1w for each day of fever

Question 6

Which age/sex group have the highest mortality with equine influenza?

Answer 6

All Foals

Question 7

What Dz does EHV1 cause?

Answer 7

Resp
Abortion
Neurological

DULL key C/S

Question 8

What are the signs of R. equi infection?

Answer 8

Pyogranulomatous pneumonia - crackles, dull, febrile.

Foals 3w-6m

Question 9

What are the early signs of strep equi equi infection?

Answer 9

Depression, fever, mucoid disch, cough, dysphagia.

horses 1-3yo

Question 10

What are the late signs of strep equi equi infection?

Answer 10

Purulent disch, LN enlargement, RPLN swelling & dyspnoea.

Question 11

What is the incubation period for Strep Equi Equi?

Answer 11

1-14d

Question 12

What are potential sequalae of strep equi equi infection?

Answer 12

Cellulitis
Pneumonia
"Bastard Strangles"
Imm-Med myositis
Purpura Haemorrhagica

Question 13

How is a horse confirmed free of strangles?

Answer 13

1 -ve nasal swab a week for 3 weeks!
(3 swabs total)

OR

1 GP wash -ve

Question 14

When must a 5-7d course of penicillin be given to strangles patients?

Answer 14

NO lymphadenopathy

Onset of pyrexia

Question 15

Which Dz of young racehorses causes poor performance/coughing and has a multifactorial aetiology?

Answer 15

Inflammatory Airway Dz

Question 16

How is IAD diagnosed?

Answer 16

Mucus in trachea
Neutrophils >40% (TTA) or >10% (BAL)
>3% eosinophils/mast cells

Question 17

Describe the risk factors for RAO.

Answer 17

> 7yo
Housed
Hay fed
Humid weather @ pasture

Question 18

When are clinical signs for RAO apparent? What are they?

Answer 18

At rest!

Mucus, coughing, tachypnoea, exercise intolerance, EXP wheeze, heave line.

Question 19

How does inflammation cause bronchoconstriction?

Answer 19

Activates muscarinic receptors and inhibits B2 receptors

Question 20

What are the 4 ways which Chronic RAO causes a progressive impairment of lung function?

Answer 20

SmM hypertrophy
Peribronchiolar Fibrosis
Epithelial hyperplasia
Mucus Pluggling

Question 21

How is RAO diagnosed?

Answer 21

+ve response to atropine in 10m

or clenbuterol

Question 22

How is RAO diagnosed?

Answer 22

Mucus in trachea (graded 1-5)
Neutrophils >40% (TTA) or >25% (BAL)
>1% eosinophils/mast cells

Question 23

What are the 3 pillars of tx for RAO?

Answer 23

Environmental
Corticosteroids
Bronchodilators

Question 24

Which C/Ss can be given to horses with RAO and via which route?

Answer 24

Systemic: Preds/Dex
Inhaled: Fluticasone (££), Beclomethasone, Nebulised Dex

Question 25

Which bronchodilators are used in RAO and how are they given?

Answer 25

Clenbuterol PO

Inhaled: Salbutamol/Salmeterol

Question 26

What are the 4 predisposing factors for pleuropneumonia?

Answer 26

Long Distance Transport
Viral Resp Dz
Exercise
GA/Surgery

Question 27

What are the 3 stages of equine pleuropneumonia?

Answer 27

Acute Exudative
Fibrinopurulent
Organisational

Question 28

How is equine Pleuropneumonia treated?

Answer 28

Thoracic drainage.

Antimicrobials (Penicillin/Gentamicin/ Metronidazole if complicated)

Question 29

What is present on BAL following EIPH?

Answer 29

Haemosideropahges.

Question 30

Which EIPH grade(s) is/are associated with poor performance?

Answer 30

Grade 3 & 4

Question 31

Which drug is shown to reduce EIPH, but is banned in racing?

Answer 31

Furosemide