Clinical Resp Med (EQ) Flashcards
Vaccines are less effective against which strain of equine influenza? Why?
H3N8 - Displays high level of Ag Drift
Outbreaks of Fever, Cough, Oedema of URT, Nasal discharge and lethargy are signs of which resp Dz?
Influenza
How long is the incubation period for influenza?
5d
What are the 2 methods of flu diagnoses?
Nasal swab and PCR
Rising Ab titre over 2-4w
How long should horses rest after influenza?
1w for each day of fever
Which age/sex group have the highest mortality with equine influenza?
All Foals
What Dz does EHV1 cause?
Resp
Abortion
Neurological
DULL key C/S
What are the signs of R. equi infection?
Pyogranulomatous pneumonia - crackles, dull, febrile.
Foals 3w-6m
What are the early signs of strep equi equi infection?
Depression, fever, mucoid disch, cough, dysphagia.
horses 1-3yo
What are the late signs of strep equi equi infection?
Purulent disch, LN enlargement, RPLN swelling & dyspnoea.
What is the incubation period for Strep Equi Equi?
1-14d
What are potential sequalae of strep equi equi infection?
Cellulitis Pneumonia "Bastard Strangles" Imm-Med myositis Purpura Haemorrhagica
How is a horse confirmed free of strangles?
1 -ve nasal swab a week for 3 weeks!
(3 swabs total)
OR
1 GP wash -ve
When must a 5-7d course of penicillin be given to strangles patients?
NO lymphadenopathy
Onset of pyrexia
Which Dz of young racehorses causes poor performance/coughing and has a multifactorial aetiology?
Inflammatory Airway Dz
How is IAD diagnosed?
Mucus in trachea
Neutrophils >40% (TTA) or >10% (BAL)
>3% eosinophils/mast cells
Describe the risk factors for RAO.
> 7yo
Housed
Hay fed
Humid weather @ pasture
When are clinical signs for RAO apparent? What are they?
At rest!
Mucus, coughing, tachypnoea, exercise intolerance, EXP wheeze, heave line.
How does inflammation cause bronchoconstriction?
Activates muscarinic receptors and inhibits B2 receptors
What are the 4 ways which Chronic RAO causes a progressive impairment of lung function?
SmM hypertrophy
Peribronchiolar Fibrosis
Epithelial hyperplasia
Mucus Pluggling
How is RAO diagnosed?
+ve response to atropine in 10m
or clenbuterol
How is RAO diagnosed?
Mucus in trachea (graded 1-5)
Neutrophils >40% (TTA) or >25% (BAL)
>1% eosinophils/mast cells
What are the 3 pillars of tx for RAO?
Environmental
Corticosteroids
Bronchodilators
Which C/Ss can be given to horses with RAO and via which route?
Systemic: Preds/Dex
Inhaled: Fluticasone (££), Beclomethasone, Nebulised Dex
Which bronchodilators are used in RAO and how are they given?
Clenbuterol PO
Inhaled: Salbutamol/Salmeterol
What are the 4 predisposing factors for pleuropneumonia?
Long Distance Transport
Viral Resp Dz
Exercise
GA/Surgery
What are the 3 stages of equine pleuropneumonia?
Acute Exudative
Fibrinopurulent
Organisational
How is equine Pleuropneumonia treated?
Thoracic drainage.
Antimicrobials (Penicillin/Gentamicin/ Metronidazole if complicated)
What is present on BAL following EIPH?
Haemosideropahges.
Which EIPH grade(s) is/are associated with poor performance?
Grade 3 & 4
Which drug is shown to reduce EIPH, but is banned in racing?
Furosemide
