SA First Opinion Practice Flashcards
What are the 4 core disease we vaccinate for in dogs?
Distemper Virus
Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Parvovirus
Leptospirosis
What are the two CORE vaccines used in dogs?
DHP
L4
Which two NON-CORE vaccines are available for dogs?
KC
Rabies
What is the primary pathogen in kennel cough?
Bordetella Bronchiseptica
At what age do dogs receive the first dose of DHP?
6w+
At what age do dogs receive their first dose of L4?
6-9w+
9w recommended
At what age do dogs receive their DHP second dose?
2-4w after 1st (10w+)
At what age do dogs receive their L4 second dose?
4w after 1st (10w+)
At what age do dogs receive their DHP booster?
1st Annual
Every 3y After
At what age do dogs receive their L4 booster?
Annually
How long does the DHP vaccine take to become effective?
1w
How long does the L4 vaccine take to become effective?
4w
At what age can dogs receive the KC vaccine?
3w+
What does the KC vaccine protect against?
B. bronchiseptica AND canine parainfluenza virus
How long after administration is the KC vaccine effective?
3w (only 72h for bordetella)
How often are KC boosters given?
annually
How old must a dog be to receive a rabies vaccine?
12w
How often should a rabies booster be given?
3y
How long after administration is the rabies vaccine effective?
3w
What are the 3 pathogens we vaccinate cats against using the CORE vaccine?
Calicivirus
Herpesvirus
Panleucopenia
Which pathogens cause cat flu?
Calicivirus
Herpesvirus
Which pathogen causes feline enteritis?
Panleucopenia
At what age can cats be given their FIRST dose of tricat trio?
8-9w
At what age can cats be given their SECOND dose of tricat trio?
12w
At what point after the second dose does tricot become effective against…
a) Cat Flu
b) Feline Enteritis
a) 4w
b) 3w
How often should cat flu boosters be given?
1y
How often should feline enteritis boosters be given?
3y
What are the 4 non-core vaccines available in cats?
- Chlamoydophila Felis
- FeLV
- Rabies
- B. bronciseptica
What do rabbit vaccines protect against?
RHD & myxomatosis
At what age do we first vaccinate rabbits?
5w
How often do we administer rabbit boosters?
annually
What is the main species of roundworm which affects ONLY dogs?
T. Canis
What is the main species of roundworm which affects ONLY cats?
T. Felis
What is the main species of roundworm which affects both cats and dogs?
T. leonina
How do roundworms infect their host?
L2 larvae ingested.
What are the 2 main species of hookworm which affect ONLY dogs?
A. Caninum
U. Stenocephala
What is the main species of hookworm which affect ONLY cats?
A. Tubaeformae
How do all hookworms infect their host?
L3 larvae ingested.
Percutaneous
In what unique manner may A. Tubaeforme infect cats?
Infected paratenic hosts
In what unique manner may A. Caninum infect dogs?
Transmammary
Which whipworm may infect domestic species?
T. vulpis
How does whipworm infect the host?
L3 larve ingested and penetrate gut wall.
Which are the 3 main species of tapeworm in domestic pets?
D. Caninum
Echinococcus
Taenia
Which tapeworm(s) is/are zoonotic?
Echinococcus and Taenia
Which tapeworm has the flea as an intermediate host?
D. caninum
What is the active ingredient in Panacur?
Fenbendazole
What is the active ingredient in Drontal?
Pyrantel, Praziquantel
What is the active ingredient found in milbemax/milpro/drontal/droncit?
Praziquantel
What is the active ingredient in Advocate
Imidacloprid, Moxidectin (or permethrin)
What is the active ingredient in Stronghold?
Selamectin
What is the active ingredient in profender?
Emodespsipeptide
What is the active ingredient in milbemax, milpro and nexguard?
Milbemycin Oxide
What does Drontal Kill?
Adult Roundworms
Immature/adult tapeworm
What does Milbemax kill?
Hookworms
Roundworms
Tapeworm
Lungworm
What does Profender Kill?
Immature and Adult tapeworm
What does Advocate kill?
Hookworm Roundworm Whipworms Fleas/Mites/Lice/Ticks Lungworm
What does Nexguard Spectra kill?
Hookworm Roundworm Whipworms Fleas/Mites/Lice/Ticks Lungworm/heartworm
What does Stronghold kill?
Fleas/Mites/Lice
Heartworm
Roundworm
What does panacur kill?
Hookworm
Roundworm
Whipworm
Tapeworm (not Dipylidium)
What does Endectrid kill?
Hookworm Roundworm Whipworms Fleas/Mites/Lice Lungworm/heartworm
How long is the normal flea life cycle?
3-8w - temp dependent
What is the most common tick species in the UK?
Ixodes ricinus
How long is the tick life cycle?
2-3y
how many hosts are present in the tick life cycle?
3
Which 3 diseases are ticks a vector for?
Lyme Disease
Ehrlichiosis
Babesiosis
What are the two main dog louse species?
T. Canis and L setosus
What is the main cat louse species?
Felicia Subrostratus
Where is the louse life cycle spent?
100% on the host
How long is the louse life cycle?
2-3w
Which zoonotic mite causes intense pruritus, papules, hair loss and crusting?
Sarcoptes Scabiei
Which mite affects the face, shoulders, neck and limbs?
Demodex
What is the name of the burrowing earmite?
otodectes cynotis
Which mites cause lesions on the rump and shoulders dorsally?
cheyletiella
What is the active ingredient in bravecto?
Fluralaner
What is the active ingredient in frontline?
Fipronil
What is the active ingredient in Indore
Permethrin
What does bravecto kill?
Fleas and ticks
What does stronghold kill?
Hookworms Roundworms Heart worm Fleas Ear mites
What does frontline kill?
Fleas/lice/mites/ticks
What does advocate kill?
Fleas/lice/mites/ticks
roundworm
lungworm
Which medication (& its active ingredient) should be used to control fleas in rabbits?
Advantage (imidacloprid)
Which medication should not be used in rabbits?
Fipronil (frontline)- TOXIC
Which medication (& its active ingredient) should be used to control mites in rabbits?
Xeno 450 spot on (ivermectin)
Which medication (& its active ingredient) should be used to prevent fly strike in rabbits?
Rearguard (cyromazine)
Which wormer is licensed for rabbits in the UK?
NONE
Which wormer should be used to treat rabbits for intestinal worms?
Panacea 18.75% paste (fenbendazole)
What is the mechanism of action of methadone?
Full mew agonist
How long do the sedative/analgesic effects of methadone last?
4-6h
What is the mechanism of action of buprenorphine?
mixed agonist
How long do the sedative/analgesic effects of buprenorphine last?
6-8h but not as effective as methadone
What is the mechanism of action of butorphanol?
mixed agonist
How long do the sedative/analgesic effects of butorphanol last?
No analgesia
1h sedation in dog
1-3h sedation in cat
What is the MOA of ACP?
D1 and D2 antagonist
How long do the sedative effects of ACP last?
6h
How long is the onset for ACP?
15-30min
Is ACP reversible or irreversible?
irreversible
How does ACP sedation compare with alpha 2?
ACP lighter
How does Medetomidine work?
A2 agonist
How long do the sedative/analgesic effects of medetomidine last?
10-15min
Is medetomidine reversible or irreversible?
reversible - atipam
Which dogs should have a lower dose of ACP and why?
Boxers - sensitive to sympatholytic effects
In which patients should ACP be avoided?
Hypovolaemic/hypotensive as vasodilator.
BOAS - relaxation of pharynx
In which patients should medetomidine be avoided and why?
Diabetics - increases blood glucose
What effect does medetomidine have on gut motility?
decreases
What CV effects dies medetomidine have?
bradycardia
2nd Degree AV block
Peripheral vasoconstriction
What is the MOA of midazolam?
GABA agonist
What does midazolam decrease?
Muscle Tone
Anxiety
Seizures
Is midazolam reversible or irreversible?
reversible - flumazenil
why should midazolam be given with an opioid?
May cause paradoxical excitement
What is the MOA of meloxicam?
NSAID - cox 1&2 inhibitor
Why should meloxicam not be used in CKD patients?
Reduced Renal Perfusion
Why should meloxicam not be used in patients with GI issues?
decreases gastric protection
What is the MOA of robenacoxib?
NSAID - Cox 2 > cox 1
What is the MOA of paracetamol?
Inhibits brain PG synthesis
Which animals can NOT receive paracetamol?
Cats
What is the MOA of gabapentin?
unknown - possible Ca channel inhibitor
What is the MOA of amantidine?
Mu agonist & NMDA antagonist
What class of antibiotic is cephalexin?
Cephalosporin - 1st gen Beta Lactam
What class of antibiotic is amoxiclav?
B Lactam + beta lactamase
What class of antibiotic is clindamycin?
lincosamide
What class of antibiotic is enrofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone
What class of antibiotic is marbofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolone
What class of antibiotic is doxycycline?
Tetracycline
POTENTIATED SULPHS
…
which antibiotic can be used to treat toxoplasma and anaerobes?
Clindamycin
Which antibiotic can be used to treat Gram +s, but is not effective against E. coli?
Cephalexin
Which antibiotic can be used to treat a UTI due to its ability to concentrate in urine?
Cephalexin
Which antibiotic can be used to treat pseudomonas, but not anaerobes?
Enrofloxacin
Which antibiotic is good for treating respiratory infections?
Doxycycline
Which antibiotic MUST be given with food due to the risk of oesophagitis?
Doxycycline
