Cranio 4 (trauma facial) Flashcards
What is the most frequent cause of craniofacial trauma
Motor vehicle accident
What are the 3 variables that affect the severity of a trauma
- Resistance strength
- Surface of impact
- Angulation of impact
4 indications for tracheostomy
- Prolongue intubation
- Impossible airway
- Nasal trauma (destruction of anatomical landmarks)
- Multiple complex fractures/basa skull fracture
What are the most common facial fractures in order?
Nasal bones > Mandible > ZMC > Midface
What is the optimal cerebral perfusion pressure
70mmHg
List the branches of the external carotid
“Seven Angry Ladies Fighting Over PMS”
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal
What are 3 types of material for fixation plates
- Titanium
- Vitallium
- Stainless steel
What is the foramina of Breschet
Small foramina within the posterior table of the frontal sinus that contains veins which communicate with the intracranial dura for mucus drainage
3 Principes de management des fractures de l’os frontal?
- Rétablir contour Esthétique
- Réparation de la dure mère
- Séparer l’intracrânien du sinus
% des fx sinus frontal qui ont lacération durale
40%
Indications de split calvarial bone grafts dans les fx faciles?
- Perte de support base du crâne
- Toit de l’orbite
- Perte osseuse de la table antérieure
- NOE (Cantilever bone graft)
What are some investigations for CSF fluid leak
B2-Transferrine
Halo Test
Glucose
B-trace protein
CT cisternography
Intra-thecal contraste + nasoendoscopie
De quoi le management d’une fracture de l’os frontal dépends? (4)
- Comminution de la table antérieure
- intégrité du NFD
- Déplacement de la table postérieure
- Fuite de LCR
What are the complications associated with bi-coronal incisions
Alopecia
Temporal Hollowing
Facial nerve injury
Scalp hypoesthesia
What are ways to prevent alopecia in bi-coronal approach
Minimize tension
No cautery
No Raney clips
Incision parallel to the follicules
What can be used to obliterate the frontal sinus
- Bone
- Alloplastic material (surgicel, silicone, bone wax)
- Peri-cranial flap
- Autogenous fat graft
- Dermal fat
- Spontaneous osteogenesis
- Muscle (galeal frontalis flap, temporalis)
- Cartillage
Source: Management of frontal sinus fractures CME 2005
Nommer les piliers verticaux du visage
Nasomaxillaire
Zygomaticomaxillaire
Ptérygomaxillaire
Mandibule vertical
Nommer les piliers horizontaux du visage
Barre frontale
Rebord orbitaire inférieur
Palais dur
Mandibule horizontal
How is the frontal sinus lining formed
Migration of the nasal mucosa cranially
At what age does the frontal sinus begin to pneumatize
Age 2
At what age is the frontal sinus radiographically identifiable
Age 8
At what age does the frontal sinus reach it’s adult size
12 ans
**maximum expansion at age 19
What percentage of patients have Agenesis of the frontal sinus
4%
Source: Management of frontal sinus fracutres CME 2005
What are the borders of the frontal sinus
Anterior and posterior walls
Orbital roof inferiorly
Bony intersinus septum medially