Cranio 1 (Distraction, skull base) Flashcards

1
Q

What factors influence the success of osteodistraction (4)

A
  • vascularity and quality of soft tissue
  • stability of distraction device
  • Latency period (entre corticotomie et début distraction)
  • Rate and frequency of distraction
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2
Q

How are the collagen fibers organized in the generate in osteodistraction

A

parallel to the vector of the distraction

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3
Q

Describe the 5 zones of present during the activation phase of OD

A

Central: cellular proliferation
Transitionzone of vasculogenesis
Paracentral: parallel collagen and osteoid production
Transition: mineralization, bone spicule formation
Os mature: calcification and formation of cancellous and cortical elements

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4
Q

OD: qu’est-ce que la période d’activation

A

période de distraction active et de production du ‘‘generate’’

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5
Q

What are some advantages of OD (compared to regular osteotomies)

A
  • less blood loss
  • decreased infection rate
  • reduction of dead space
  • lower incidence and degree or relapse than single stage
  • permet d’obtenir plus d’avancement
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6
Q

Describe the distraction process (5)

A
  1. Osteotomy
  2. Application of distraction device
  3. Latency
  4. Activation phase
  5. Consolidation phase (quand longueur voulu est obtenue)
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7
Q

What is the latency period in OD and how long should it last?

A

period between osteotomy and start of distraction

newborns: 0-72hrs
older: 5-7 days

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8
Q

What is the rate in OD

A

of mm per day

neonates: 2-4mm
older 1mm/day

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9
Q

What is the rythm in OD

A

nombre de distraction par jour

usually 2-4x/day

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10
Q

List 5 indications for OD

A

Mandibular lenghtening
- hemifacial microsomia
- micrognathia
- airway compromise in newborn

LeFort 1 advancement
- large anterior movement >1cm
- clefts with significant class III

Lefort 3/Monobloc
- syndromic craniosynostosis
- severe midface hypoplasia/exorbitism

Posterior cranial vault distraction
- syndromic bicoronal craniosynostosis

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11
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of external OD devices

A

Advantages
- easier to apply and remove
- multiple vectors

Disadvantages
- social stigma
- increased risk of being disloged
- pin-site scars

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12
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of internal OD devices

A

Advantages
- less social stigma
- minimal scars
- less risk of dislodgment

Disadvantages
- single vector
- more difficult to apply
- need GA to remove

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13
Q

What are the goals of mandibular OD

A
  • achieve proper occlusion
  • restore normal dimensions of the mandible
  • normalize relationship of tongue base to the airway
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14
Q

In mandibular distraction, what direction of advancement will you get with a L-shaped or vertical osteotomy

A

horizontal advancement

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15
Q

In mandibular distraction, what direction of advancement will you get with a oblique osteotomy

A

horizontal and vertical advancement

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16
Q

In mandibular distraction, what direction of advancement will you get with a horizontal osteotomy

A

vertical lengthening

17
Q

Name 5 complications of OD

18
Q

OD: qu’arrive-t-il si distraction trop lente

A

ossification prématurée

19
Q

OD: qu’arrive-t-il si distraction trop rapide

A

Union fibreuse

20
Q

Quels sont les 3 types d’OD

A

Unifocal : 1 ostéotomie avec vis de chaque côté
Bifocal : 1 segment de transport (1 ostéotomie pour 1 déficit osseux)
Trifocal : 2 segments de transports (2 ostéotomies dans 1 déficit osseux)

21
Q

3 compartiments de la base du crâne?

A

antérieur
middle
postérieur

22
Q

5 os qui forment la base du crâne

A

ethmoid
sphenoid
occipital
paired frontal
and paired temporal bone

23
Q

skull base: 2 structures qui délimite compartiment antérieur

A

Ant: Portion postérieur du sinus frontal
Post: planum sphénoidal

en latéral délimité par os frontal

24
Q

skull base: 4 foramen de la fosse antérieur

A
  • Foramen olfactif de la lame criblée
  • Foramen ethmoid antérieur
  • Foramen ethmoid postérieur
  • Foramen cécum
25
Q

Skull base: limites anatomiques de la fosse moyenne

A

Ant: jonction entre petite et grande aile du sphénoid
Post: ridge pétreux de l’os temporal

26
Q

Skull base: limites anatomiques de la fosse postérieure

A

Ant: limite post du sphénoide, ridge pétreux os temporal, selle dorsale
Post: os occipital

27
Q

6 foramen de la middle cranial fossa

A
  • Canal optique (II, artère ophtalmique)
  • Fissure orbitaire supérieure (III, IV, VI, V1, veine ophtalmique supérieure)
  • Foramen rotundum (V2)
  • Foramen ovale (V3, méningée accessoire et petit pétreux)
  • Foramen spinosum (artère, veine et nerf méningés moyens)
  • Foramen lacerum (Greater petrosal)
28
Q

4 foramen de la posterior cranial fossa

A
  • Foramen jugulaire (IX, X, XI)
  • Foramen magnum (racines spinales du nerf accessoire)
  • Foramen hypoglossal (XII)
  • méat auditif interne (NC 7,8, artère labyrinthique)
29
Q

Buts de reconstruction de la base du crâne (5)

A
  • Sceller la dure mère
  • Séparer le contenu intracrânien
  • Rétablir la fonction (orbite, oropharynx)
  • Restaurer le forme et le support
  • Oblitérer les espaces morts
30
Q

skull base: lambeaux régionaux pour reconstruire fosse antérieure CENTRALE

A
  • Peri-cranial
  • Galea-frontalis flap
  • Septonasal
31
Q

skull base: lambeaux régionaux pour reconstruire fosse antérieure LATERALE et middle cranial fosse

A

Temporalis muscle flap

si 2e option: fascia temporalis

32
Q

skull base: lambeaux régionaux pour reconstruire fosse postérieure

A

Trapèze
Lat dorsi
Temporalis (?)

33
Q

Indications de reconstruction osseuse dans la base du crâne

A
  • Extrêmement gros déficits entrainant une herniation du cerveau
  • Déficits du orbital roof entrainant une exophtalmie pulsatile
  • Déficit du orbital floor entrainant une enophtalmie
  • Déficits mandibulaires ou maxillaires associés entrainant une malocclusion ou perte de fonction masticatoire