Chapter 8 Pt. 3 Flashcards
What is the Reticular activating system (RAS)?
an extensive network of neurons that runs through the medulla and projects to the cerebral cortex
The _______ _________ _______ (____) filters sensory input and keeps the cerebral cortex in an alert state
reticular activating system (RAS)
What is the spinal cord?
a tube of neural tissue that is continuous with the medulla at the base of the brain and extends about 45cm
What are the 2 functions of the spinal cord?
(1) to transmit messages to and from the brain
(2) to serve as a reflex center
What is a reflex arc?
a reflex is an automatic response to stimulus, prewired in a circuit of neurons
The steps of the reflex arc:
1)
2) sensory messages are carried to the spinal cord by a sensory neuron
3) interneurons in the spinal cord integrate information from sensory neurons and stimulate the appropriate motor neurons
4) motor neurons stimulate the appropriate muscles
5) leg muscles contract, causing them to lift the foot off the glass
1) a stimulus initiates a pain sensation
The steps of the reflex arc:
1) a stimulus initiates a pain sensation
2)
3) interneurons in the spinal cord integrate information from sensory neurons and stimulate the appropriate motor neurons
4) motor neurons stimulate the appropriate muscles
5) leg muscles contract, causing them to lift the foot off the glass
2) sensory messages are carried to the spinal cord by a sensory neuron
The steps of the reflex arc:
1) a stimulus initiates a pain sensation
2) sensory messages are carried to the spinal cord by a sensory neuron
3)
4) motor neurons stimulate the appropriate muscles
5) leg muscles contract, causing them to lift the foot off the glass
3) interneurons in the spinal cord integrate information from sensory neurons and stimulate the appropriate motor neurons
The steps of the reflex arc:
1) a stimulus initiates a pain sensation
2) sensory messages are carried to the spinal cord by a sensory neuron
3) interneurons in the spinal cord integrate information from sensory neurons and stimulate the appropriate motor neurons
4)
5) leg muscles contract, causing them to lift the foot off the glass
4) motor neurons stimulate the appropriate muscles
The steps of the reflex arc:
1) a stimulus initiates a pain sensation
2) sensory messages are carried to the spinal cord by a sensory neuron
3) interneurons in the spinal cord integrate information from sensory neurons and stimulate the appropriate motor neurons
4) motor neurons stimulate the appropriate muscles
5)
5) leg muscles contract, causing them to lift the foot off the glass
Spinal reflexes are essentially “________” made by the spinal cord
decisions
What is the difference between the spinal nerves and cranial nerves?
spinal nerves-each originates in the spinal cord and services a specific region of the body
cranial nerves- arise from the brain and service the structures of the head and certain body parts, including the heart and diaphragm
Spinal nerves carry both _______ and ______ fibers
sensory
motor
fibers from the sensory neurons enter the spinal cord from the dorsal, or posterior, side, grouped into a bundle called the _______ ______
dorsal root
the axons of motor neurons leave the ventral (front) side of the spinal cord in a bundle known as the _______ ______
ventral root
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?
31