Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 100 > Chapter 15 Pt. 2 (Final Exam Pt. 10) > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Pt. 2 (Final Exam Pt. 10) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands and where are they located?

A

(1) sublingual-below the tongue
(2) submandibular-below the jaw
(3) parotid-in front of the ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the ________ is a large skeletal muscle studded with taste buds

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a bolus?

A

a small soft mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the movement of the larynx causes a cartilaginous flap known as the _________ to move

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the voluntary phase of swallowing?

A

the tongue pushes food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

food is moved along the esophagus and all the rest of the GI tract by rhythmic waves of muscle contraction called __________

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 functions of the stomach?

A

(1) storing food and regulating the release of food to the small intestine
(2) liquefying food
(3) carrying out the initial chemical digestion of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bands of circular muscle called _________ guard the openings of each end of the stomach and regulate the release of food to the small intestine

A

sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_________ of a sphincter closes the opening

_________ of a sphincter allows material to pass through

A

contraction

relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is heartburn?

A

occurs when the pressure of the stomach contents overwhelms the sphincter at the lower end of the esophagus, causing a burning sensation behind the breastbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What constitutes chronic heartburn?

A

heartburn that occurs at least once per week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

food is generally stored and processed within the stomach for __ to __ hours

A

2

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the additional mechanical digestion occurs as the food is churned and mixed with secretions produced by the glands of the stomach until it is a soupy mixture called ______

A

chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the lining of the stomach has millions of gastric pits, within which are _______ ______ containing several types of secretory cells

A

gastric glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is pepsin?

A

a protein digesting enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gastric juice is a mixture of ______ and ____

A

pepsin

HCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the major functions of the small intestine?

A

major functions:

(1) chemical digestion
(2) absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is duodenum?

A

the first region of the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is villi?

A

are tiny 1 mm projections that cover the entire lining surface of the small intestine

20
Q

What is microvilli?

A

microscopic projections; the absorptive epithelial cells covering the surface of each villus

21
Q

What is a brush border?

A

a fuzzy surface formed by the microvilli

22
Q

What is lacteal?

A

a lymphatic vessel

23
Q

the products of fat digestion, glycerol and fatty acids, combine with bile salts in the small intestine, creating particles called _______

A

micelles

24
Q

the glycerol and fatty acids are reassembled into triglyceride, are mixed with cholesterol and phospholipids, and are coated with special proteins, thus becoming part of a complex known as a __________

A

chylomicron

25
Q

Which accessory organ is this: an accessory organ that lies behind the stomach, extending from the small intestine toward the left side of the body

A

pancreas

26
Q

What is the largest internal organ in the body?

A

liver

27
Q

What are diseases of the liver?

A

cirrhosis
hepatitis
jaundice

28
Q

Which liver disease is this:
a condition in which the liver becomes fatty and gradually deteriorates, its cells eventually being replaced by scar tissue

A

cirrhosis

29
Q

Which liver disease is this:

is inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

30
Q

Which liver disease is this:
the condition in which the accumulating bilirubin is deposited in the skin and the whites of the eyes, causing a yellow tint

A

jaundice

31
Q

How does a portal system transports blood from one capillary bed to another?
What are the steps?

A

(1) products of digestion are absorbed into the capillaries within the villi of the small intestine
(2) digested food molecules then travel through hepatic portal veins to the liver
(3) the liver monitors blood contents
(4) Hepatic veins deliver blood to the circulatory system

32
Q

What are gallstones?

A

consist primarily of cholesterol that has precipitated from bile during storage in the gallbladder

33
Q

What are the primary functions of the large intestine?

A

(1) to absorb most of the water remaining in the indigestible food residue
(2) to store the feces
(3) to eliminate them from the body

34
Q

Why are feces brown?

A

comes from bile pigments

35
Q

What are the 4 regions of the large intestine?

A

(1) cecum
(2) colon
(3) rectum
(4) anal canal

36
Q

What is the cecum?

A

a pouch that hangs below the junction of the small and large intestines

37
Q

What is the appendix?

A

slender wormlike pouch, extending from the cecum

38
Q

What region of the large intestine is the appendix located?

A

cecum

39
Q

What is the largest region of the large intestine?

A

colon

40
Q

What are the different sections of the colon?

A

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon

41
Q

Which section of the colon is this:

the right side of the abdomen

A

ascending colon

42
Q

Which section of the colon is this:

across the top of the abdominal cavity

A

transverse colon

43
Q

Which section of the colon is this:

the left side

A

descending colon

44
Q

Which region of the large intestine is this:

where the feces get pushed into

A

rectum

45
Q

Which region of the large intestine is this:

stretching the rectal wall and initiating the defection reflex

A

rectum

46
Q

Which region of the large intestine is this:

2 rings of muscles, called sphincters, must relax to allow defecation

A

anal canal

47
Q

2 rings of muscles, called sphincters, must relax to allow defecation:
the _______ sphincter relaxes automatically
the _______ sphincter is under voluntary control

A

internal

external

Biology 100 (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions