Chapter 8 Pt. 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
central nervous system (CNS)-integrates and coordinates all voluntary and involuntary nervous functions
peripheral nervous system (PNS)- the nerves and ganglia located outside of the central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) contains the _____ and _______ ______
brain
spinal cord
What are ganglias?
cell bodies grouped together in small clusters
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) divides into what 2 systems?
1) somatic nervous system
2) autonomic nervous system
Is this the somatic or autonomic nervous system:
consists of nerves that carry information to and from the central nervous system, resulting in sensations and voluntary movements
somatic nervous system
Is this the somatic or autonomic nervous system:
governs the involuntary, subconscious activities that keep the body functioning properly
autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system divides into what 2 systems?
1) parasympathetic nervous system
2) sympathetic nervous system-
Is this the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system: governs bodily activities during restful conditions
parasympathetic nervous system
Is this the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system:
prepares body for stressful or emergency situations
sympathetic nervous system
The central nervous system is protected by the ________, the __________ ______, and the bones of the _____ and _________ ________
meningles
cerebrospinal fluid
skull
vertebral column
What are meninges?
3 protective connective tissue coverings of the brain and spinal cord
What are the three layers of meninges (from outer to inner)?
1) dura mater
2) arachnoid
3) pia mater
Which layer of the meninges is this:
outermost layer
tough and leathery
dura mater
Which layer of the meninges is this:
“like a cobweb”
anchored to the next-lower layer of meninges by thin, threadlike extensions that resemble a spider’s web
arachnoid
Which layer of the meninges is this:
the innermost layer
molded around the brain
pia mater
What is meningitis?
an inflammation of the meninges
What are the causes of meningitis?
bacteria and viruses
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
fills the space between layers of the meninges as well as the ventricles, and central canal
What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
shock absorption
support
nourishment and waste removal
What are ventricles?
the internal cavities of the brain
What is the central canal?
the cavity within the spinal cord
What is the blood-brain barrier?
a mechanism that selects the substances permitted to enter the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood
The ________ is the largest and most prominent part of the brain
cerebrum
the __________ _______ separates the cerebrum into 2 hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
What is the cerebral cortex?
the thin outer layer of each hemisphere
cortex means “_____” or “_____”
“bark”
“rind”
The cerebral cortex, consists of billions of neurological cells, nerve cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons that is described as _____ ______
gray matter
Where is white matter located?
beneath the cerebral cortex
Why is white matter, white?
it consists primarily of myelinated axons
What is corpus callosum?
an important band of white matter that connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres
What are the 3 functional areas of the cerebral cortex?
1) sensory
2) motor
3) association
_________ areas communicate with the sensory and motor areas to analyze and act on sensory input
association
association areas communicate with the _______ and ______ areas to analyze and act on sensory input
sensory
motor
