Chapter 17 Pt. 2 (Final Exam Pt. 13) Flashcards
What are the 3 distinct regions of the sperm cell?
(1) head
(2) midpiece
(3) tail
Which distinct regions of the sperm cell is this:
contains the father’s chromosomes, his genetic contribution to the next generation
head
Which distinct regions of the sperm cell is this:
contains mitochondria that will provide metabolic energy to fuel the trip to the egg
midpiece
Which distinct regions of the sperm cell is this:
whiplike movements propel the sperm
tail
What is an acrosome?
a sac that covers the head of the sperm, contains enzymes that will assist in fertilization
Why does the level of testosterone in the body remains relatively steady?
its production is regulated by a negative feedback loop involving hormones from the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary gland, and the testes
What are the hormones important in regulating male reproductive processes?
(1) Testosterone
(2) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
(3) Luteinzing hormone (LH)
(4) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
(5) Inhibin
Which hormone (in regulating male reproductive processes) is this: interstitial cells in testes
Testosterone
Which hormone (in regulating male reproductive processes) is this: hypothalamus (in brain)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Which hormone (in regulating male reproductive processes) is this: anterior pituitary gland (in brain)
Luteinzing hormone (LH)
Which hormone (in regulating male reproductive processes) is this: anterior pituitary gland (in brain)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which hormone (in regulating male reproductive processes) is this: seminiferous tubules in testes
Inhibin
What are the effects of Testosterone?
- sperm productions
- development and maintenance of male reproductive structures
- male secondary sex characteristics
- sex drive
What are the effects of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?
stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release LH
What are the effects of Luteinzing hormone (LH)?
stimulates interstitial cells of testis to produce testosterone
What are the effects of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
enhances sperm formation
What are the effects of Inhibin?
- inhibits FSH secretion by anterior pituitary gland
- causes a decrease in sperm production and testosterone production
Luteinzing hormone (LH) is sometimes called _________ ____-___________ _________ or _____
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
ICSH
What are the organs of female reproductive system?
(1) ovary
(2) oviducts
(3) uterus
(4) vagina
(5) clitoris
(6) breasts
Which female reproductive organ is this:
produces eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone
ovary
Which female reproductive organ is this:
transport ovulated oocyte (or embryo if fertilization occurred) to the uterus; the usual site of fertilization
oviducts
Which female reproductive organ is this:
receives and nourishes embryo
uterus
Which female reproductive organ is this:
receives penis during intercourse; serves as birth canal
vagina
Which female reproductive organ is this:
contributes to sexual arousal
clitoris
Which female reproductive organ is this:
produce milk
breasts
the oviducts are also known as _________ tubes or ________ tubes
fallopian
uterine
“muscle layers that stretch to accommodate the developing baby; contract during childbirth to deliver the baby “?
uterine wall
What is the endometrium?
the lining of the uterus that is built up and lost each month as menstrual flow; the usual site of implantation
What is the cervix?
the opening of the uterus that extends into the vagina
What is the vulva?
the female reproductive structures that lie outside the vagina
What is the difference between Labia minora and Labia majora?
Labia minora- one of the 2 inner skin folds that are part of the external genitalia
Labia majora- one of the 2 outer skin folds that are part of the external genitalia
What is the difference between the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle?
ovarian cycle- the changes in the ovary that produce the egg occur in a cycle about 1 month long
uterine cycle- the events during the ovarian cycle must be closely coordinated with those in the uterus
What happens during days 1-13 of the ovarian cycle?
follicle develops, caused by FSH
follicle cells produce estrogen
What happens during day 14 of the ovarian cycle?
ovulation is triggered by LH surge
What happens during days 15-21 of the ovarian cycle?
corpus luteum forms and secretes estrogen and progesterone
What happens during days 22-28 of the ovarian cycle?
corpus luteum generates, causing estrogen and progesterone levels to decline
What happens during day 1 of the uterus cycle?
onset of menstrual flow (breakdown of endometrium)
What happens during day 6 of the uterus cycle?
endometrium begins to thicken
What happens during days 15-23 of the uterus cycle?
endometrium is further prepared for implantation of the embryo by estrogen and progesterone
What happens during days 24-28 of the uterus cycle?
endometrium begins to degenerate owing to declining maintenance by progesterone
What are the Hormones involved in Regulating Female Reproductive Processes?
(1) estrogen
(2) progesterone
(3) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
(4) luteinizing hormone (LH)
What are the effects of estrogen?
(1) maturation of the egg
(2) development and maintenance of female reproductive structures
(3) secondary sex characteristics
(4) thickens endometrium of uterus in preparation for implantation of embryo
(5) cell division in breast tissue
What are the effects of progesterone?
(1) further prepares uterus for implantation of embryo
(2) maintains endometrium
What are the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
stimulates development of a follicle in the ovary
The uterine cycle is also known as the ________ cycle.
menstrual
What is menopause?
when ovulation and menstruation stop completely
