Chapter 6 Pt. 1 Flashcards
What are the traits that all muscles share?
1) are excitable
2) are contractile
3) are extensile
4) are elastic
Contraction of skeletal muscles generates _____
heat
What are synergistic muscles?
muscles that must contract at the same time to cause a certain movement
What are antagonistic pairs?
produce a movement when one of the pair contracts and the other relaxes
Most muscles are ___________ pairs
antagonistic
When antagonistic muscle _________ an opposing action must relax.
contracts
When antagonistic muscle contracts an opposing action must ______.
relax
Most of the major muscles we use for locomotion, manipulation, and other voluntary movements are attached to ______
bones
What are tendons?
a band of connective tissue
What is an origin?
the end attached to the bone that remains relatively stationary during a movement
What is insertion?
the end attached to the bone that moves
What are some major muscles of the body?
1) triceps brachii
2) pectoralis major
3) serratus anterior
4) external oblique
5) rectus abdominis
6) adductor longus
7) sartorius
8) quadriceps femoris
9) tibialis anterior
10) biceps brachii
11) deltoid
12) trapezius
13) latissimus dorsi
14) gluteus maximus
15) hamstring group
16) gastrocnemius
Which major muscle is this: straightens arms at elbow
triceps brachii
Which major muscle is this: flexes and rotates arm
pectoralis major
Which major muscle is this: helps raise arm, draws shoulder blade forward; useful in pushing
serratus anterior
Which major muscle is this: assists in lateral twisting of body, compresses abdomen
external oblique
Which major muscle is this: compresses abdomen and chest, bends backbone
rectus abdominis
Which major muscle is this: rotates thigh laterally, flexes thigh, draws thigh toward body
adductor longus
Which major muscle is this: bends lower leg at knee, bends and rotates thigh at hip
sartorius
Which major muscle is this: flexes thigh at hips, extends log at knee
quadriceps femoris
Which major muscle is this: flexes foot toward knee
tibialis anterior
Which major muscle is this: bends forearm at elbow, rotates hand
biceps brachii
Which major muscle is this: raises arm
deltoid
Which major muscle is this: raises, turns, and lower the shoulder; turns head
trapezius
Which major muscle is this: rotates and draws arm backward; helps in climbing
latissimus dorsi
Which major muscle is this: extends and rotates thigh when walking or climbing
gluteus maximus
Which major muscle is this: draws thigh backward, bends knee
hamstring group
Which major muscle is this: extends foot away from knee; bends lower leg at knee
gastrocnemius
What are fascicles?
smaller bundles that form the muscles
Each _______ is wrapped in its own connective tissue sheath
fascicle
Each fascicle is wrapped in its own __________ ______ ______
connective tissue sheath
What are muscle fibers?
the actual muscle cells
What is striated (striped) muscle?
muscles that have pronounced bands that look like stripes
Striated (striped) muscle is also known as ________ _______
skeletal muscle
Striations are caused by the orderly arrangement of many elongated _________
myofibrils
What are myofibrils?
specialized bundles of proteins within the muscle cell
Each myofibrils contains 2 types of the long protein filaments called ____________.
myofilaments
Each myofibrils contains what 2 types of myofilaments?
1) Myosin filaments
2) Actin filaments
Which type of myofilament is this:
thicker
Myosin filaments
Which type of myofilament is this:
a greater number of thinner
Actin filaments
Each myofibril has tens of thousands of contractile units called ___________
sarcomeres
The ends of each sarcomere are marked by dark bands of protein known as __ _____
Z lines
