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Biology 100 > Chapter 2 Pt. 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Pt. 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lipids?

A

compounds that don’t dissolve in water

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2
Q

What type of charge do lipids have?

A

nonpolar, no charge

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3
Q

______ shows no attraction for ______ and vice versa

A

water

lipids

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4
Q

What are the three types of lipids that are important to human health?

A

Triglyceride
Phospholipids
Steroids

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5
Q

Which type of lipid is this:

compounds made of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids

A

Triglyceride

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6
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

chains of carbon atoms also bonded to hydrogens and having the acidic group COOH at one end

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7
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

A

saturated fatty acids- have only single covalent bonds linking the carbon atoms

unsaturated fatty acids- fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

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8
Q

Saturated fatty acids are saturated with _________.

A

hydrogen

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9
Q

Why are saturated fatty acids saturated with hydrogen?

A

because their carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

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10
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids are not saturated with _________

A

hydrogen

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11
Q

What are trans fats?

A

partially hydrogenated fats

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12
Q

Where are trans fats normally found?

A

in packaged snacks

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13
Q

Which type of lipid is this:

consists of a molecule of glycerol bonded to two fatty acids and a negatively charged phosphate group

A

Phospholipids

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14
Q

What is the different between hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

hydrophobic- the region made up of fatty acids is nonpolar

hydrophilic- containing glycerol, phosphate, and the variable group is polar

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15
Q

Is this hydrophobic or hydrophilic:

aka water loving

A

hydrophilic

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16
Q

Is this hydrophobic or hydrophilic:

aka water fearing

A

hydrophobic

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17
Q

Phospholipids are arranged in a double layer called _______, with the __________ heads of each layer facing away from each other

A

bilayer

hydrophilic

18
Q

____________ are arranged in a double layer called bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads of each layer facing _____ from each other

A

Phospholipids

away

19
Q

Which type of lipid is this:

a type of lipid made up of four carbon rings attached to molecules that vary from one steroid to the next

A

Steroids

20
Q

What is the most familiar steroid?

A

Cholesterol

21
Q

_________ is a component of the plasma membrane

A

Cholesterol

22
Q

Cholesterol is a component of the ______ _________

A

plasma membrane

23
Q

__________ is the foundation for steroid hormones

A

Cholesterol

24
Q

Cholesterol ,in human blood, comes from our _____ and ____

A

liver

diet

25
Q

What is a protein?

A

a polymer made of one or more chains of amino acids

26
Q

How do protein chains look?

A

twisted, turned, and folded to produce complicated structures

27
Q

How many different amino acids are proteins made of?

A

are from a set of only 20 different amino acids

28
Q

What are amino acids?

A

the building blocks of proteins

29
Q

What is the difference between nonessential and essential amino acids?

A

nonessential amino acids- our bodies can synthesize

essential amino acids- our bodies cannot synthesized

30
Q

How does the body obtain essential amino acids?

A

from the foods we eat

31
Q

What is a peptide?

A

chains containing only a few amino acids

32
Q

What is a depitide?

A

chains containing 2 amino acids

33
Q

What is a tripeptide?

A

chains containing 3 amino acids

34
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

chains containing 10 or more amino acids

35
Q

Why do atoms form bonds?

A

because doing so moves them to a more stable energy state

36
Q

Atoms have a ___________ to attain complete shells, thus becoming more stable

A

propensity

37
Q

What is the chemical formula for oxygen?

A

O2

38
Q

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

A

C6 H12 O6

39
Q

Is sodium choloride an ionic or covalent bond?

A

ionic bond

40
Q

List the chemcial bonds from strongest to weakest.

A

Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen

41
Q

How many protons does an atom of oxygen have?

A

8

42
Q

Life evolved in ______, then colonized land

A

water

Biology 100 (58 decks)

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