Chapter 2 Pt. 3 Flashcards
What are lipids?
compounds that don’t dissolve in water
What type of charge do lipids have?
nonpolar, no charge
______ shows no attraction for ______ and vice versa
water
lipids
What are the three types of lipids that are important to human health?
Triglyceride
Phospholipids
Steroids
Which type of lipid is this:
compounds made of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
Triglyceride
What are fatty acids?
chains of carbon atoms also bonded to hydrogens and having the acidic group COOH at one end
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
saturated fatty acids- have only single covalent bonds linking the carbon atoms
unsaturated fatty acids- fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
Saturated fatty acids are saturated with _________.
hydrogen
Why are saturated fatty acids saturated with hydrogen?
because their carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible
Unsaturated fatty acids are not saturated with _________
hydrogen
What are trans fats?
partially hydrogenated fats
Where are trans fats normally found?
in packaged snacks
Which type of lipid is this:
consists of a molecule of glycerol bonded to two fatty acids and a negatively charged phosphate group
Phospholipids
What is the different between hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophobic- the region made up of fatty acids is nonpolar
hydrophilic- containing glycerol, phosphate, and the variable group is polar
Is this hydrophobic or hydrophilic:
aka water loving
hydrophilic
Is this hydrophobic or hydrophilic:
aka water fearing
hydrophobic
Phospholipids are arranged in a double layer called _______, with the __________ heads of each layer facing away from each other
bilayer
hydrophilic
____________ are arranged in a double layer called bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads of each layer facing _____ from each other
Phospholipids
away
Which type of lipid is this:
a type of lipid made up of four carbon rings attached to molecules that vary from one steroid to the next
Steroids
What is the most familiar steroid?
Cholesterol
_________ is a component of the plasma membrane
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a component of the ______ _________
plasma membrane
__________ is the foundation for steroid hormones
Cholesterol
Cholesterol ,in human blood, comes from our _____ and ____
liver
diet
What is a protein?
a polymer made of one or more chains of amino acids
How do protein chains look?
twisted, turned, and folded to produce complicated structures
How many different amino acids are proteins made of?
are from a set of only 20 different amino acids
What are amino acids?
the building blocks of proteins
What is the difference between nonessential and essential amino acids?
nonessential amino acids- our bodies can synthesize
essential amino acids- our bodies cannot synthesized
How does the body obtain essential amino acids?
from the foods we eat
What is a peptide?
chains containing only a few amino acids
What is a depitide?
chains containing 2 amino acids
What is a tripeptide?
chains containing 3 amino acids
What is a polypeptide?
chains containing 10 or more amino acids
Why do atoms form bonds?
because doing so moves them to a more stable energy state
Atoms have a ___________ to attain complete shells, thus becoming more stable
propensity
What is the chemical formula for oxygen?
O2
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6 H12 O6
Is sodium choloride an ionic or covalent bond?
ionic bond
List the chemcial bonds from strongest to weakest.
Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen
How many protons does an atom of oxygen have?
8
Life evolved in ______, then colonized land
water
