Chapter 19 Pt. 2 Flashcards
What is mitosis?
one nucleus divides into tow daughter nuclei containing the same number and kinds of chromosomes
What is the cell cycle?
the entire sequence of events that a cell goes through, from its origin in the division of its parent cell through its own division into two daughter cells
how long does the cell cycle usually take?
16-24 hours
What is the interphase?
the period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
Interphase is a time of intense __________ for cell division
preparation
During interphase the ____ and _________ are duplicated
DNA
organelles
During _________ the DNA and organelles are _________
interphase
duplicated
During Interphase when the cell divides it creates ________ _____
daughter cells
What are the three parts of interphase?
G1 (“first gap”)
S (DNA Synthesis)
G2 (“second gap”)
During Interphase the genetic material is in the form of long, thin threads that rare often called ________
chromatin
During Interphase the two copies, each an exact replicate of the original chromosome, stay attached to one another at a region known as the __________
centromere
During Interphase, as long as the replicate copies remain attached, each copy is called a _________
chromatid
If two attached chromatids are genetically identical and are referred to as ______ _________
sister chromatids
What are the two conditions that must be made for healthy cells to divide?
(1) proteins monitor the environment within the cell to ensure that it’s appropriate for cell division
(2) the DNA has been accurately replicated
What is the only exception to the two condition for healthy cells to divide?
cancer cells
The division of body cells (after interphase) consists of what two processes that overlap somewhat in time?
(1) mitosis
(2) cytokinesis
mitosis, the division of the _______
nucleus
__________-the division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
cytokinesis occurs toward the end of _______, sometime during ________
mitosis
telophase
cytokinesis-the division of the ________
cytoplasm
What are the four stages of mitosis?
(1) prophase
(2) metaphase
(3) anaphasse
(4) telophase
Which stage of mitosis is this: a time when changes occur in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm
prophase
Which stage of mitosis is this: in the nucleus, the chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes as DNA wraps around histones
prophase
Which stage of mitosis is this: the DNA forms a tightly compacted structures
prophase
Which stage of mitosis is this: chromosomes condense
prophase
Which stage of mitosis is this: during this no replication and gene activity is shut down
prophase
Which stage of mitosis is this: the chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindles, forming a line at what is called the equator (center) of the mitotic spindles
metaphase
Which stage of mitosis is this: chromosomes (consisting of two chromatids) line up at equatorial plate
metaphase
Which stage of mitosis is this: begins when the sister chromatids of each chromosomes begin to separate, splitting at the centromere
anaphase
Which stage of mitosis is this: the attachments between sister chromatids break
anaphase
Which stage of mitosis is this: a nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes at each pole, and the mitotic spindle disassembles
telophase
Which stage of mitosis is this: new nuclei form, each with two complete sets of chromosomes
telophase
Which stage of mitosis is this: cytokinesis divides cell into two daughter cells
telophase
