Chapter 19 Pt. 1

Question 1

What are the two ways in which cells divide?

Answer 1

(1) Mitosis

(2) Meiosis

Question 2

What is a chromosome?

Answer 2

a tightly coiled combination of a DNA molecule and specialized proteins called histones

Question 3

Chromosomes are a tightly coiled combination of a DNA molecule and specialized proteins called ________

Answer 3

histones

Question 4

Where are chromosomes found in the cell?

Answer 4

the cell nucleus

Question 5

_______ combined with the ____ are for support and control of gene activity

Answer 5

histones

DNA

Question 6

What is a gene?

Answer 6

a specific segment of the DNA that directs the synthesis of a protein, which in turn plays a structural or functional role within the cell

Question 7

______ are arranged in a fixed sequence

Answer 7

genes

Question 8

genes determine the expression of a particular ____________ or _____

Answer 8

characteristic

trait

Question 9

True or False: Genes occur individually

Answer 9

False; genes also occur in pairs

Question 10

the members of each gene pair are located at the same position on _____________ ____________

Answer 10

homologous chromosomes

Question 11

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 11

all cells except eggs or sperm have 46 chromosomes

Question 12

Humans have ___ chromosomes= ___ pairs of chromosomes

Answer 12

46

23

Question 13

one member of each (of human’s 23) pair comes from the ________ ____ and the _______ ______

Answer 13

mother’s egg

father’s sperm

Question 14

___________ ____________ _____- a pair being two chromosomes with genes for the same traits

Answer 14

homologous chromosome pairs

Question 15

homologous chromosome pairs are also known as ___________

Answer 15

homologues

Question 16

What is a diploid?

Answer 16

any cell with two of each kind of chromosome

Question 17

What is a sex chromosome?

Answer 17

one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, that determines whether a person is male or female

Question 18

What are the two types of sex chromosomes?

Answer 18

X

Y

Question 19

Someone with two X chromosomes is genetically ________

Answer 19

female

Question 20

Someone with an XY chromosome is genetically ______

Answer 20

male

Question 21

What are autosomes?

Answer 21

the other 22 pairs of chromosomes

Question 22

Autosomes determine the expression of most of a person’s inherited _____________

Answer 22

characteristics

Question 23

__________ determine the expression of most of a person’s inherited characteristics

Answer 23

Autosomes