Chapter 15 Pt. 3 (Final Exam Pt. 11)

Question 1

What are diseases of the colon?

Answer 1

diarrhea
constipation
hemorrhoids
diverticula
colorectal cancer

Question 2

What is diarrhea?

Answer 2

too little water is absorbed causing very liquid and loose stools

Question 3

What is constipation?

Answer 3

if material passes through the colon too slowly, too much water is absorbed, resulting in hard stools

Question 4

What are hemorrhoids?

Answer 4

stretched veins

Question 5

What is diverticula?

Answer 5

small punches that bulge outward

Question 6

What is the difference between divericulous and diverticulitis?

Answer 6

divericulous- when diverticula are present but don’t cause problems or symptoms

diverticulitis- if the diverticula become infected with bacteria and inflamed

Question 7

What is colorectal cancer?

Answer 7

cancers of the colon or rectum

Question 8

What is the the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths?

Answer 8

colorectal cancer

Question 9

energy is measured in a unit called a ________

Answer 9

calorie

Question 10

What are essential amino acids and essential fatty acids?

Answer 10

substances that the body cannot synthesize

Question 11

What is meant by essential in essential amino acids and fatty acids?

Answer 11

the substances met be included in the diet because the body cannot produce them

Question 12

What is a nutrient?

Answer 12

a substance in food that provides energy; becomes part of a structure; or performs a function in growth, maintenance, or repair

Question 13

What are the 3 different types of nutrients?

Answer 13

(1) lipids (fats)
(2) carbohydrates
(3) proteins

Question 14

What is a lipid (fat)?

Answer 14

a triglyceride is a molecule made from 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol

Question 15

lipids include ____, ____, and _________

Answer 15

fats
oils
cholesterol

Question 16

What is cholesterol?

Answer 16

are essential components of all cell membranes

Question 17

Blood cholesterol comes from what 2 sources?

Answer 17

(1) the diet

(2) the liver

Question 18

What is the difference between low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)?

Answer 18

low density lipoproteins (LDLs)- are considered to be a damaging, or bad, form of cholesterol

high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)- carry cholesterol from the cells, perhaps even from the artery walls, to the liver for elimination

Question 19

Which type of fats are bad for the heart?

Answer 19

saturated fats and trans fats

Question 20

Which type of fats are good for the heart?

Answer 20

monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats

Question 21

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 21

primarily from plant sources and include sugars, starches, and roughage, or dietary fiber

Question 22

What is the most important function of carbohydrate?

Answer 22

to provide fuel for the body

Question 23

What are the 2 different types of carbohydrates?

Answer 23

(1) simple carbohydrates

(2) complex carbohydrates

Question 24

Sugars are what type of carbohydrate?

Answer 24

simple carbohydrates

Question 25

monosaccharides or disaccharides are what type of carbohydrate?

Answer 25

simple carbohydrates

Question 26

starches and fibers are what type of carbohydrate?

Answer 26

complex carbohydrates

Question 27

polysaccharides are what type of carbohydrate?

Answer 27

complex carbohydrates

Question 28

What is the difference simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates?

Answer 28

simple carbohydrates- empty calories, because they provide only energy

complex carbohydrates- provide energy along with other nutrients

Question 29

What is the glycemic response?

Answer 29

describes how quickly a serving of food is converted to blood sugar and how much the level of blood sugar is affected

Question 30

The ________ _________ influences how the body reacts to different foods

Answer 30

glycemic response

Question 31

What is fiber?

Answer 31

is a form of carbohydrates that humans cannot digest into its component monosaccharides

Question 32

What are the 3 different types of proteins?

Answer 32

(1) complete proteins
(2) incomplete proteins
(3) complementary proteins

Question 33

Which type of protein is this:

contain ample amounts of all the essential amino acids

Answer 33

complete proteins

Question 34

Which type of protein is this:

usually comes from animal sources

Answer 34

complete proteins

Question 35

Which type of protein is this:

usually come form plant proteins

Answer 35

incomplete proteins

Question 36

Which type of protein is this:

low in one or more of the essential amino acids

Answer 36

incomplete proteins

Question 37

Which type of protein is this:

combinations of two or more incomplete proteins that together supply all the essential amino acids

Answer 37

complementary proteins

Question 38

What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?

Answer 38

vitamins-an organic (carbon-containing) compound that, although essential for health and growth, is needed only in minute quantities

minerals-inorganic substances essential to a wide range of life processes

Question 39

What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 39

the minimum energy required to keep an awake, resting body alive

Question 40

basal metabolic rate (BMR) is generally represented between ___%-___% of the body’s energy

Answer 40

60%

75%

Question 41

Why is a male’s BMR usually higher than a females?

Answer 41

due to higher muscle mass

Question 42

What is the difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Answer 42

anorexia nervosa-a deliberate self-starvation

bulimia nervosa- marked by binge eating large quantities of food and then purging by self-induced vomiting, enemas, laxatives, diuretics, or excessive exercise