Chapter 15 Pt. 3 (Final Exam Pt. 11) Flashcards
What are diseases of the colon?
diarrhea constipation hemorrhoids diverticula colorectal cancer
What is diarrhea?
too little water is absorbed causing very liquid and loose stools
What is constipation?
if material passes through the colon too slowly, too much water is absorbed, resulting in hard stools
What are hemorrhoids?
stretched veins
What is diverticula?
small punches that bulge outward
What is the difference between divericulous and diverticulitis?
divericulous- when diverticula are present but don’t cause problems or symptoms
diverticulitis- if the diverticula become infected with bacteria and inflamed
What is colorectal cancer?
cancers of the colon or rectum
What is the the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths?
colorectal cancer
energy is measured in a unit called a ________
calorie
What are essential amino acids and essential fatty acids?
substances that the body cannot synthesize
What is meant by essential in essential amino acids and fatty acids?
the substances met be included in the diet because the body cannot produce them
What is a nutrient?
a substance in food that provides energy; becomes part of a structure; or performs a function in growth, maintenance, or repair
What are the 3 different types of nutrients?
(1) lipids (fats)
(2) carbohydrates
(3) proteins
What is a lipid (fat)?
a triglyceride is a molecule made from 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
lipids include ____, ____, and _________
fats
oils
cholesterol
What is cholesterol?
are essential components of all cell membranes
Blood cholesterol comes from what 2 sources?
(1) the diet
(2) the liver
What is the difference between low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)?
low density lipoproteins (LDLs)- are considered to be a damaging, or bad, form of cholesterol
high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)- carry cholesterol from the cells, perhaps even from the artery walls, to the liver for elimination
Which type of fats are bad for the heart?
saturated fats and trans fats
Which type of fats are good for the heart?
monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats
What are carbohydrates?
primarily from plant sources and include sugars, starches, and roughage, or dietary fiber
What is the most important function of carbohydrate?
to provide fuel for the body
What are the 2 different types of carbohydrates?
(1) simple carbohydrates
(2) complex carbohydrates
Sugars are what type of carbohydrate?
simple carbohydrates
monosaccharides or disaccharides are what type of carbohydrate?
simple carbohydrates
starches and fibers are what type of carbohydrate?
complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides are what type of carbohydrate?
complex carbohydrates
What is the difference simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates?
simple carbohydrates- empty calories, because they provide only energy
complex carbohydrates- provide energy along with other nutrients
What is the glycemic response?
describes how quickly a serving of food is converted to blood sugar and how much the level of blood sugar is affected
The ________ _________ influences how the body reacts to different foods
glycemic response
What is fiber?
is a form of carbohydrates that humans cannot digest into its component monosaccharides
What are the 3 different types of proteins?
(1) complete proteins
(2) incomplete proteins
(3) complementary proteins
Which type of protein is this:
contain ample amounts of all the essential amino acids
complete proteins
Which type of protein is this:
usually comes from animal sources
complete proteins
Which type of protein is this:
usually come form plant proteins
incomplete proteins
Which type of protein is this:
low in one or more of the essential amino acids
incomplete proteins
Which type of protein is this:
combinations of two or more incomplete proteins that together supply all the essential amino acids
complementary proteins
What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?
vitamins-an organic (carbon-containing) compound that, although essential for health and growth, is needed only in minute quantities
minerals-inorganic substances essential to a wide range of life processes
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
the minimum energy required to keep an awake, resting body alive
basal metabolic rate (BMR) is generally represented between ___%-___% of the body’s energy
60%
75%
Why is a male’s BMR usually higher than a females?
due to higher muscle mass
What is the difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
anorexia nervosa-a deliberate self-starvation
bulimia nervosa- marked by binge eating large quantities of food and then purging by self-induced vomiting, enemas, laxatives, diuretics, or excessive exercise
