Chapter 21a Pt. 1

Question 1

What is a tumor (or neoplasm)?

Answer 1

an abnormal growth of cells that form a mass of tissue

Question 2

neoplasm= “___ _____”

Answer 2

“new growth”

Question 3

What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?

Answer 3

benign tumor- an abnormal mass of tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and that usually remains at the site where it forms

malignant tumor- an abnormal mass of tissue that can invade surrounding tissue and spread to multiple locations throughout the body

Question 4

True or False: benign tumors do not grow

Answer 4

False; the tumor can (and does) grow

Question 5

Benign tumors can be removed ________

Answer 5

surgically

Question 6

How can benign tumors still be dangerous?

Answer 6

they can press on nearby tissues enough to interfere with the functioning of those tissues

Question 7

What is metastasis?

Answer 7

the spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

Question 8

The stages of cancer development:

(1)
(2) cell divides more frequently than others
(3) cells of the tumor release growth factors to attract a blood supply
(4) cells of malignant tumor: attract a blood supply, gain the ability to leave the other cells, spread to distant sites (metastasize)

Answer 8

(1) initial tumor cell

Question 9

The stages of cancer development:

(1) initial tumor cell
(2)
(3) cells of the tumor release growth factors to attract a blood supply
(4) cells of malignant tumor: attract a blood supply, gain the ability to leave the other cells, spread to distant sites (metastasize)

Answer 9

(2) cell divides more frequently than others

Question 10

The stages of cancer development:

(1) initial tumor cell
(2) cell divides more frequently than others
(3)
(4) cells of malignant tumor: attract a blood supply, gain the ability to leave the other cells, spread to distant sites (metastasize)

Answer 10

(3) cells of the tumor release growth factors to attract a blood supply

Question 11

The stages of cancer development:
(1) initial tumor cell
(2) cell divides more frequently than others
(3) cells of the tumor release growth factors to attract a blood supply
(4)

Answer 11

(4) cells of malignant tumor: attract a blood supply, gain the ability to leave the other cells, spread to distant sites (metastasize)

Question 12

Cancer cells are ______, they deprive normal cells of nutrients

Answer 12

greedy

Question 13

What is dysplasia?

Answer 13

the changes in shape, nuclei, and organization within tissues of precancerous cells

Question 14

The tumors that form in distant sites in the body are responsible for ___% of the deaths of people with cancer

Answer 14

90%

Question 15

Once cancer cells have separated from the original tumor, they usually enter the ____________ or _________ ________

Answer 15

cardiovascular

lymphatic system

Question 16

What are the two types of genes that usually regulate cell division?

Answer 16

(1) proto-ncogenes

(2) Tumor-suppressor genes

Question 17

What is the role of proto-ncogenes?

Answer 17

stimulate cell division

Question 18

A mutation of proto-ncogenes can destroy the regulation of ____ _______

Answer 18

cell division

Question 19

What is an oncogene?

Answer 19

a mutated proto-ncogenes

Question 20

An ________, increases cell division with or without a stimulus

Answer 20

oncogene

Question 21

What is the role of Tumor-suppressor genes?

Answer 21

inhibit or stop cell division

Question 22

the tumor-suppressor gene that produces a protein that regulates another gene whose job it is to make a protein that keeps cells in a non dividing state

Answer 22

p53

Question 23

a mutated ____ ______ _________ gene, is often responsible for cancer

Answer 23

p53 tumor-suppressor

Question 24

cancers containing mutations in p53 are difficult to kill with ________ or ___________

Answer 24

radiation

chemotherapy

Question 25

____, gene normally signals the presence of a growth factor, which stimulates cell division

Answer 25

ras

Question 26

___ _________- a protein that is hyperactive and stimulates cell division even in the absence of growth factors

Answer 26

ras oncogence

Question 27

What is contact inhibition?

Answer 27

if healthy cells contact a neighbor, they stop dividing

Question 28

Cancer cells do not exhibit _______ _________

Answer 28

contact inhibition

Question 29

_________-when cells activate a genetic suicide program in response to a biochemical or physiological signal

Answer 29

apoptosis

Question 30

_________ prompts cells to manufacture proteins that then kill the cells

Answer 30

apoptosis

Question 31

during apoptosis, the outer membrane of the condemned cell produces bulges, called _____

Answer 31

blebs

Question 32

What are blebs?

Answer 32

indicate that the cell will break down into membrane-enclosed fragments that are engulfed and removed by other cells

Question 33

_____ are pinched off the cell

Answer 33

blebs