Chapter 5 Pt. 1 Flashcards
What is a skeleton?
a framework of bones and cartilage that performs various functions
What are the functions of a skeleton?
support movement protection storage of minerals storage of fat blood cell production
Most bones contain both ________ and _______ bone.
compact
spongy
Is this compact or spongy bone:
very dense, with few internal spaces
Compact Bone
Is this compact or spongy bone:
forms most of the shaft of long bones
Compact Bone
Compact Bone is covered by __________
periosteum
What is the purpose of periosteum?
nourishes the bone
periosteum contains ______ _______, _______, and cells that _____ bone and _____
blood vessels
nerves
grow
repair
Is this compact or spongy bone:
a latticework of tiny beams and thin plates of bone with open areas between
Spongy Bone
Is this compact or spongy bone:
found in small, flat bones and near the ends of the shafts of long bones
Spongy Bone
What are the two types of marrow found within bones?
1) Red Marrow
2) Yellow Marrow
What is the difference between red marrow and yellow marrow?
Red Marrow- where blood cells form
Yellow Marrow- a fatty tissue used for energy storage
Is this red marrow or yellow marrow: found in ribs, pelvis, back bone, skull, sternum, and ends of long bones
Red Marrow
Is this red marrow or yellow marrow: found in the shaft of long bones
Yellow Marrow
Compact bone contains _______, which consists of osteocytes, which lies within a lacuna
osteon
Compact bone contains osteon, which consists of _________, which lies within a lacuna
osteocytes
Compact bone contains osteon, which consists of osteocytes, which lies within a _______
lacuna
________ bone contains osteon, which consists of osteocytes, which lies within a lacuna
Compact
What is a osteon?
a microscopic, repeating structural unit
What is an osteocytes?
mature bone cells, arranged in concentric rings around a central canal
What is a lacuna?
a tiny cavity in the hardened matrix
The _________ of the matrix comes from mineral salts, primarily calcium and phosphorus
hardness
The hardness of the matrix comes from mineral salts, primarily _______ and _________
calcium
phosphorus
The _________ comes from strands of the strong, elastic protein collagen that are woven throughout the matrix
resilience
The resilience comes from strands of the strong, elastic protein _________ that are woven throughout the matrix
collagen
During human embryonic development most of the skeleton is first formed of _________
cartilage
The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:
1)
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates
1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:
1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
2)
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:
1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
3)
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:
1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
4)
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:
1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
5)
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates
__________- produce the matrix of the bone around the shaft by secreting collagen and then depositing calcium salts on it
osteoblasts
osteoblasts means “__________ or ____”
“beginning”
“bud”
What is a growth plate?
the epiphyseal plate
Childhood bone growth is powerfully stimulated by _______ ________, which is released by the anterior pituitary gland
growth hormone
Childhood bone growth is powerfully stimulated by growth hormone, which is released by the _______ _______ ______
anterior pituitary gland
Puberty, children experience growth spurts because of increasing levels of ____ _________ (testosterone and estrogen)
sex hormones
