Chapter 5 Pt. 1

Question 1

What is a skeleton?

Answer 1

a framework of bones and cartilage that performs various functions

Question 2

What are the functions of a skeleton?

Answer 2

support
movement 
protection 
storage of minerals 
storage of fat 
blood cell production

Question 3

Most bones contain both ________ and _______ bone.

Answer 3

compact

spongy

Question 4

Is this compact or spongy bone:

very dense, with few internal spaces

Answer 4

Compact Bone

Question 5

Is this compact or spongy bone:

forms most of the shaft of long bones

Answer 5

Compact Bone

Question 6

Compact Bone is covered by __________

Answer 6

periosteum

Question 7

What is the purpose of periosteum?

Answer 7

nourishes the bone

Question 8

periosteum contains ______ _______, _______, and cells that _____ bone and _____

Answer 8

blood vessels
nerves
grow
repair

Question 9

Is this compact or spongy bone:

a latticework of tiny beams and thin plates of bone with open areas between

Answer 9

Spongy Bone

Question 10

Is this compact or spongy bone:

found in small, flat bones and near the ends of the shafts of long bones

Answer 10

Spongy Bone

Question 11

What are the two types of marrow found within bones?

Answer 11

1) Red Marrow

2) Yellow Marrow

Question 12

What is the difference between red marrow and yellow marrow?

Answer 12

Red Marrow- where blood cells form

Yellow Marrow- a fatty tissue used for energy storage

Question 13

Is this red marrow or yellow marrow: found in ribs, pelvis, back bone, skull, sternum, and ends of long bones

Answer 13

Red Marrow

Question 14

Is this red marrow or yellow marrow: found in the shaft of long bones

Answer 14

Yellow Marrow

Question 15

Compact bone contains _______, which consists of osteocytes, which lies within a lacuna

Answer 15

osteon

Question 16

Compact bone contains osteon, which consists of _________, which lies within a lacuna

Answer 16

osteocytes

Question 17

Compact bone contains osteon, which consists of osteocytes, which lies within a _______

Answer 17

lacuna

Question 18

________ bone contains osteon, which consists of osteocytes, which lies within a lacuna

Answer 18

Compact

Question 19

What is a osteon?

Answer 19

a microscopic, repeating structural unit

Question 20

What is an osteocytes?

Answer 20

mature bone cells, arranged in concentric rings around a central canal

Question 21

What is a lacuna?

Answer 21

a tiny cavity in the hardened matrix

Question 22

The _________ of the matrix comes from mineral salts, primarily calcium and phosphorus

Answer 22

hardness

Question 23

The hardness of the matrix comes from mineral salts, primarily _______ and _________

Answer 23

calcium

phosphorus

Question 24

The _________ comes from strands of the strong, elastic protein collagen that are woven throughout the matrix

Answer 24

resilience

Question 25

The resilience comes from strands of the strong, elastic protein _________ that are woven throughout the matrix

Answer 25

collagen

Question 26

During human embryonic development most of the skeleton is first formed of _________

Answer 26

cartilage

Question 27

The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:

1)
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates

Answer 27

1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms

Question 28

The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:

1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
2)
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates

Answer 28

2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model

Question 29

The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:

1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
3)
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates

Answer 29

3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands

Question 30

The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:

1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
4)
5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates

Answer 30

4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone

Question 31

The steps of this process, in which human skeleton system develops from cartilage:

1) a cartilaginous model of the future bone forms
2) osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the shaft of the model
3) the shaft of the cartilage model begins to hollow out, and spongy bone fills the space. Blood vessels continue to penetrate the area, and the region of bone formation expands
4) secondary centers of bone formation develop in the ends of the bone
5)

Answer 31

5) cartilage remains only on the surfaces that rub against other bones and in the cartilage growth plates

Question 32

__________- produce the matrix of the bone around the shaft by secreting collagen and then depositing calcium salts on it

Answer 32

osteoblasts

Question 33

osteoblasts means “__________ or ____”

Answer 33

“beginning”

“bud”

Question 34

What is a growth plate?

Answer 34

the epiphyseal plate

Question 35

Childhood bone growth is powerfully stimulated by _______ ________, which is released by the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 35

growth hormone

Question 36

Childhood bone growth is powerfully stimulated by growth hormone, which is released by the _______ _______ ______

Answer 36

anterior pituitary gland

Question 37

Puberty, children experience growth spurts because of increasing levels of ____ _________ (testosterone and estrogen)

Answer 37

sex hormones