Chapter 12 Pt. 2 (Final Exam Pt. 4) Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
(1) myocardium
(2) endocardium
(3) pericardium
Which layer of the heart is this:
the wall of the heart
myocardium
Which layer of the heart is this:
mostly cardiac muscle tissue
myocardium
Which layer of the heart is this:
a thin lining in the cavities of the heart
endocardium
Which layer of the heart is this:
a thick, fibrous sac that holds the heart in the center of the chest (thoraic) cavity
pericardium
Which layer of the heart is this:
slides over the surface of the heart without hampering its movements
pericardium
2 halves of the heart:
(1) right halve pumps blood to the _____
(2) left halve pumps blood to the _____ _____
lungs
body cells
the 2 halves of the heart are physically separated by a partition called the _______
septum
each half of the heart consists of what 2 chambers?
(1) atrium- the upper chamber; plural, atria
(2) ventricle- a lower chamber;
Which chamber of the heart is this:
functions as receiving chambers for the blood returning to the heart
atrium
Which chamber of the heart is this:
functions as the main pumps of the heart
ventricle
What are the 2 pairs of valves that ensure that blood flows in only one direction through the heart?
(1) atrioventricular (AV) valves
(2) semilunar valves
Which heart valve is this:
leads from an atrium to a ventricle
atrioventricular (AV) valves
Which heart valve is this:
located between a ventricle and its connecting artery
semilunar valves
What are the 2 different circuits of blood flow?
(1) pulmonary circuit
(2) systemic circuit
What are the characteristics of the pulmonary circuit?
- right side of the heart
- transports blood to and from the lungs
What are the characteristics of the systemic circuit?
- left side of the heart
- transports blood to and from body tissues
What is coronary circulation?
services the tissues of the heart
What is coronary arteries?
the first 2 arteries that branch off the aorta
_______- contraction (during a heartbeat)
_______- relaxation (during a heartbeat)
systole
diastole
The cardiac cycle: (1) easy diastole (2) later diastole (3) atrial systole (4) What is the fourth step and what happens during it?
ventricular systole
both ventricles contract
The cardiac cycle:
(1)
(2) later diastole
(3) atrial systole
(4) ventricular systole
What is the first step and what happens during it?
easy diastole
atria and ventricles are relaxed and fill passively
The cardiac cycle:
(1) easy diastole
(2)
(3) atrial systole
(4) ventricular systole
What is the second step and what happens during it?
later diastole
ventricles are still relaxing and filling passively
The cardiac cycle: (1) easy diastole (2) later diastole (3) (4) ventricular systole What is the third step and what happens during it?
atrial systole
both atria contract and force blood into ventricles
the cell membranes of adjacent cardiac muscle cells interweave with one another at specialized junctions called __________ ______
intercalated disks
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
specialized cardiac muscle cells that set the tempo of a heartbeat
The ________(___) is referred to as the pacemaker.
sinoatrial (SA) node
What is ventricular fibrillation?
rapid irregular contractions of the ventricles that render the ventricles useless as pumps and stop circulation
What is an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?
an image of the electrical activities of the heart, generated by such a recording device
What are the 3 waves of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?
(1) P wave
(2) QRS wave
(3) T wave
Which wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is this:
accompanies the spread of the electrical signal over the atria and the atrial contraction that follows
P wave
Which wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is this:
reflects the spread of the electrical signal over the ventricles and ventricular contraction
QRS wave
Which wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is this:
represents the return of the ventricles to the electrical state that preceded contraction
T wave
What is blood pressure?
the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels
What is the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?
systolic pressure- the highest pressure in the artery during each heartbeat
diastolic pressure- the lowest pressure in the artery during each heartbeat
a person’s blood pressure is usually expressed as 2 values- the ________ followed by the ________
systolic
diastolic
blood pressure is measured by a device called a ________________
sphygmomanometer
