Chapter 12 Pt. 2 (Final Exam Pt. 4)

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 1

(1) myocardium
(2) endocardium
(3) pericardium

Question 2

Which layer of the heart is this:

the wall of the heart

Answer 2

myocardium

Question 3

Which layer of the heart is this:

mostly cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 3

myocardium

Question 4

Which layer of the heart is this:

a thin lining in the cavities of the heart

Answer 4

endocardium

Question 5

Which layer of the heart is this:

a thick, fibrous sac that holds the heart in the center of the chest (thoraic) cavity

Answer 5

pericardium

Question 6

Which layer of the heart is this:

slides over the surface of the heart without hampering its movements

Answer 6

pericardium

Question 7

2 halves of the heart:

(1) right halve pumps blood to the _____
(2) left halve pumps blood to the _____ _____

Answer 7

lungs

body cells

Question 8

the 2 halves of the heart are physically separated by a partition called the _______

Answer 8

septum

Question 9

each half of the heart consists of what 2 chambers?

Answer 9

(1) atrium- the upper chamber; plural, atria

(2) ventricle- a lower chamber;

Question 10

Which chamber of the heart is this:

functions as receiving chambers for the blood returning to the heart

Answer 10

atrium

Question 11

Which chamber of the heart is this:

functions as the main pumps of the heart

Answer 11

ventricle

Question 12

What are the 2 pairs of valves that ensure that blood flows in only one direction through the heart?

Answer 12

(1) atrioventricular (AV) valves

(2) semilunar valves

Question 13

Which heart valve is this:

leads from an atrium to a ventricle

Answer 13

atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 14

Which heart valve is this:

located between a ventricle and its connecting artery

Answer 14

semilunar valves

Question 15

What are the 2 different circuits of blood flow?

Answer 15

(1) pulmonary circuit

(2) systemic circuit

Question 16

What are the characteristics of the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 16

• right side of the heart

- transports blood to and from the lungs

Question 17

What are the characteristics of the systemic circuit?

Answer 17

• left side of the heart

- transports blood to and from body tissues

Question 18

What is coronary circulation?

Answer 18

services the tissues of the heart

Question 19

What is coronary arteries?

Answer 19

the first 2 arteries that branch off the aorta

Question 20

_______- contraction (during a heartbeat)

_______- relaxation (during a heartbeat)

Answer 20

systole

diastole

Question 21

The cardiac cycle:
(1) easy diastole
(2) later diastole
(3) atrial systole 
(4) 
What is the fourth step and what happens during it?

Answer 21

ventricular systole

both ventricles contract

Question 22

The cardiac cycle:

(1)
(2) later diastole
(3) atrial systole
(4) ventricular systole

What is the first step and what happens during it?

Answer 22

easy diastole

atria and ventricles are relaxed and fill passively

Question 23

The cardiac cycle:

(1) easy diastole
(2)
(3) atrial systole
(4) ventricular systole

What is the second step and what happens during it?

Answer 23

later diastole

ventricles are still relaxing and filling passively

Question 24

The cardiac cycle:
(1) easy diastole
(2) later diastole
(3) 
(4) ventricular systole 
What is the third step and what happens during it?

Answer 24

atrial systole

both atria contract and force blood into ventricles

Question 25

the cell membranes of adjacent cardiac muscle cells interweave with one another at specialized junctions called __________ ______

Answer 25

intercalated disks

Question 26

What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Answer 26

specialized cardiac muscle cells that set the tempo of a heartbeat

Question 27

The ________(___) is referred to as the pacemaker.

Answer 27

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 28

What is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 28

rapid irregular contractions of the ventricles that render the ventricles useless as pumps and stop circulation

Question 29

What is an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?

Answer 29

an image of the electrical activities of the heart, generated by such a recording device

Question 30

What are the 3 waves of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?

Answer 30

(1) P wave
(2) QRS wave
(3) T wave

Question 31

Which wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is this:

accompanies the spread of the electrical signal over the atria and the atrial contraction that follows

Answer 31

P wave

Question 32

Which wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is this:

reflects the spread of the electrical signal over the ventricles and ventricular contraction

Answer 32

QRS wave

Question 33

Which wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is this:

represents the return of the ventricles to the electrical state that preceded contraction

Answer 33

T wave

Question 34

What is blood pressure?

Answer 34

the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels

Question 35

What is the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?

Answer 35

systolic pressure- the highest pressure in the artery during each heartbeat

diastolic pressure- the lowest pressure in the artery during each heartbeat

Question 36

a person’s blood pressure is usually expressed as 2 values- the ________ followed by the ________

Answer 36

systolic

diastolic

Question 37

blood pressure is measured by a device called a ________________

Answer 37

sphygmomanometer