Chapter 3 Pt. 5 Flashcards
What are the two ways cells break down glucose molecules apart for energy?
(1) Cellular Respiration
(2) Fermentation
What is the difference between cellular respiration and fermentation?
(1) Cellular Respiration- requires oxygen
(2) Fermentation- doesn’t require oxygen
All of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell constitute its __________
metabolism
Cellular respiration and fermentation are examples of _________ __________
catabolic pathways
What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?
catabolic pathways-pathways in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler compounds, releasing energy
anabolic pathways- conversely, build complex molecules from simpler ones and consume energy
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
cells breaking down glucose by using oxygen
What are the 4 phases of cell respiration?
(1) Glycosis
(2) Transition Reaction
(3) Citric Acid Cycle
(4) Electron transport chain
Glycosis:
glyco=______; lysis=________
sugar
splitting
Glycosis:
_____= sugar; _____=splitting
glyco
lysis
________ begins with the splitting of _______, a 6 carbon sugar, into 2 three-carbon sugars
Glycosis
glucose
During _______; 3 carbon sugars are then converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate, another 3 carbon compound
glycosis
Glycosis begins with the splitting of glucose, a __ carbon sugar, into __ _____-carbon sugars
6
2 three
During glycosis; __ carbon ______ are then converted into __ molecules of __________, another __ carbon __________
3 sugars 2 pyruvate 3 compound
During the _________ ________; once inside the inner compartment of the mitochondrion, pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A (CoA)
transition reaction
During the transition reaction; once inside the inner compartment of the ____________, _________ reacts with ________ __ (____)
mitochondrion
pyruvate
coenzyme A (CoA)
During the transition reaction; results in the removal of one ______ from each ________
carbon
pyruvate
During the ________ ________; results in the removal of one carbon from each pyruvate
transition reaction
During the _____ _____ _____; still in the inner compartment of the mitochondrion, acetyl CoA reacts with a 4 carbon compound in the first of a cyclic series of 8 chemical reactions
Citric Acid Cycle
During the Citric Acid Cycle; still in the inner compartment of the ____________, acetyl CoA reacts with a __ carbon _________ in the first of a cyclic series of 8 chemical reactions
mitochondrion
4
compound
During the Citric Acid Cycle; still in the inner compartment of the mitochondrion, ______ ____ reacts with a 4 carbon compound in the first of a _______ series of __ _______ ________
acetyl CoA
cyclic
8 chemical reactions
During the ______ _____ ______; named after the first product (citric acid, or citrate) formed along its route
Citric Acid Cycle
During the Citric Acid Cycle; named after the first product (______ _____, or ______) formed along its route
citric acid
citrate
The citric acid cycle is also known as the _____ _____
Krebs cycle
During the ________ ________ ______; the molecules of NADH and FADH2 produced by earlier phases pass their electrons to a series of carrier proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
Electron Transport Chain
During the Electron Transport Chain; the molecules of ______ and ______ produced by earlier phases pass their electrons to a series of carrier proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
NADH
FADH2
During the Electron Transport Chain; the molecules of NADH and FADH2 produced by earlier phases pass their _________ to a series of carrier ________ embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
electrons
proteins
During the Electron Transport Chain; the molecules of NADH and FADH2 produced by earlier phases pass their electrons to a series of carrier proteins embedded in the ______ _________ of the ___________
inner membrane
mitochondrion
During the Electron Transport Chain; _______ is released and used to make ____
energy
ATP
Where does the glycosis phase of cellular respiration, take place?
cytoplasm
Where does the transition reaction phase of cellular respiration, take place?
mitochondria
Where does the citric acid cycle phase of cellular respiration, take place?
mitochondria
Where does the electron transport chain phase of cellular respiration, take place?
mitochondria
Which phase of cellular respiration is this:
several-step process by which glucose is split into 2 pyruvates
glycosis
Which phase of cellular respiration is this:
one CO2 is removed from each pyruvate, the resulting molecules bind to CoA, forming 2 acetyl CoA
Transition Reaction
Which phase of cellular respiration is this:
cyclic series of 8 chemical reactions by which acetyl CoA is broken down
Citric Acid Cycle
Which phase of cellular respiration is this:
electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed from one protein to the next, releasing energy for ATP synthesis
Electron transport chain
What are the main products of the glycosis phase of cellular respiration?
2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH
What are the main products of the transition reaction phase of cellular respiration?
2 acetyl CoA
2 NADH
What are the main products of the citric acid cycle phase of cellular respiration?
2 ATP
2 FADH2
6 NADH
What are the main products of the electron transition chain phase of cellular respiration?
32 ATP
H2O
