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Biology 100 > Chapter 12 Pt. 1 (Final Exam Pt. 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Pt. 1 (Final Exam Pt. 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

cardiovascular system, consists of the ______ and the _______ _______

A

heart

blood vessels

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2
Q

A muscular pump that contracts rhythmically and provides the force that moves the blood, is called?

A

heart

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3
Q

What are blood vessels?

A

a system of tubules through which blood flows

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4
Q

What is the blood cycle?

A

heart —> artery—> arterioles—> capillary—> venule—> vein

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5
Q

What is the difference between veins and arteries?

A

Veins-carry blood back to the heart

Arteries- carry blood away from heart

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6
Q

the hollow interior of a blood vessel, through which the blood flows, is called the ______

A

lumen

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7
Q

___________, a lining that provides a smooth surface that minimizes friction so that the blood flows easily

A

endothelium

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8
Q

the _______ and ___________ are characteristics of all blood vessels

A

lumen

endothelium

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9
Q

What is the inner layer of a vein made of?

What is the middle layer of a vein made of?

What is the outer layer of a vein made of?

A

inner layer=endothelium

middle layer= smooth muscles & elastic fibers

outer layer=connective tissue

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10
Q

What makes up a venule?

A

valve
connective tissue
endothelium

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11
Q

What is the inner layer of an artery made of?

What is the middle layer of an artery made of?

What is the outer layer of an artery made of?

A

inner layer=endothelium

middle layer=smooth muscle and elastic fibers

outer layer=connective tissue

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12
Q

Arterioles are made out of?

A

smooth muscle and endothelium

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13
Q

Capillaries are made out of?

A

endothelium and lumen

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14
Q

The elastic fibers in the middle layer of an artery have what 2 important functions?

A

(1) they help the artery tolerate the pressure shock caused by blood surging into it when the heart contracts
(2) they help maintain a relatively even pressure within the artery, despite large changes in the volume of blood passing through it

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15
Q

What is an aorta?

A

the body’s main artery

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16
Q

a pressure wave created by the alternate expansion and recoil of arteries, is called?

A

pulse

17
Q

What is a vasoconstriction?

A

a result of circular muscle contracting and the diameter of the lumen becomes narrower

18
Q

Does vasoconstriction increase or decrease blood flow?

A

decrease

19
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

a result of smooth muscle relaxing and the arterial lumen increasing in diameter

20
Q

Does vasodilation increase or decrease blood flow?

A

increase

21
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

when the arterial wall becomes weakened, the pressure of the blood flowing through the weakened area may cause the wall to swell outward like a balloon

22
Q

What are the risk factors of an aneurysm?

A
  • it bursts, causing blood loss

- forms blood clots

23
Q

What are arterioles?

A

the smallest arteries

24
Q

What are the 2 important regulatory roles of arterioles?

A

(1) they are the prime controllers of blood pressure

(2) serve as gatekeepers to the capillary networks

25
Q

What are capillaries?

A

are microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules

26
Q

True or False: capillaries combined cross-sectional area is enormous, much larger than arteries or veins

A

True

27
Q

What is the primary function of capillaries?

A

to exchange materials between the blood and the body cells

28
Q

What happens at the arterial end of a capillary?

A

blood pressure forces fluid out of the capillary to the fluid surrounding tissue cells

29
Q

What happens at the venous end of a capillary?

A

fluid is drawn back into the capillary by osmotic pressure

30
Q

True or False: capillaries are so wide that red blood cells can travel in groups

A

False; they are so NARROW that red blood cells must travel through them in single file

31
Q

What is a capillary bed?

A

a network of capillaries

32
Q

What is a pre capillary sphincter?

A

a ring of smooth muscle that surrounds the capillary where it branches off the arteriole and regulates blood flow into it

33
Q

What is a venule?

A

the smallest kind of vein

34
Q

True or False: the walls of the veins are thick

A

False; the walls of veins are thin

35
Q

What are the 3 mechanism move blood from lower parts of the body toward the heart?

A

(1) valves in veins prevent back flow of blood
(2) contraction of skeletal muscles squeezes veins
(3) breathing causes pressure changes that move blood toward the heart

Biology 100 (58 decks)

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