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Biology 100 > Chapter 13 Pt. 3 (Final Exam Pt. 8) > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Pt. 3 (Final Exam Pt. 8) Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a virus a living organism? Why or why not?

A

a virus is not a living organisms, because it cannot perform any life processes on it’s own

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2
Q

True or False: viruses are smaller than bacteria

A

True

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3
Q

viruses consist of a strand or strands of genetic material, either ____ or ____, surrounded by _______

A

DNA
RNA
capsid

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4
Q

What is a capsid?

A

a coat of protein

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5
Q

What makes up the structure of a typical virus?

A

glycoprotein
envelope
capsid
viral DNA

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6
Q

Which structure of a typical virus is this:

stud the outside of the envelope

A

glycoprotein

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7
Q

Which structure of a typical virus is this:

an outer membranous layer studded with glycoproteins; surrounds the capsid and viral DNA

A

envelope

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8
Q

Which structure of a typical virus is this:

a coat of protein surrounds the viral DNA

A

capsid

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9
Q 
steps in viral replication:
(1) 
(2) penetration 
(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins 
(4) assembly of new viruses 
(5) release 
What is step 1, and what happens?
A

(1) attachment
- the virus attaches to a specific receptor on the host cell
- this is responsible for host specificity

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10
Q 
steps in viral replication:
(1) attachment 
(2) 
(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins 
(4) assembly of new viruses 
(5) release 
What is step 2, and what happens?
A

(2) penetration
- all or part of the virus enters the host cell
- in the case of animal cells, the entire virus enters the cell

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11
Q 
steps in viral replication:
(1) attachment 
(2) penetration 
(3)
(4) assembly of new viruses 
(5) release 
What is step 3, and what happens?
A

(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins

- the virus directs structures in the host cell to make parts of new viruses

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12
Q 
steps in viral replication:
(1) attachment 
(2) penetration 
(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins 
(4) 
(5) release 
What is step 4, and what happens?
A

(4) assembly of new viruses

- newly synthesized viral genetic information and proteins are used to form new viruses

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13
Q 
steps in viral replication:
(1) attachment 
(2) penetration 
(3) production of viral genetic information and proteins 
(4) assembly of new viruses 
(5) 
What is step 5, and what happens?
A

(5) release
- new viruses leave the cell
- some viruses leave by a process called budding (or shedding)

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14
Q

What are the different types infections?

A

(1) Lytic Infection
(2) Persistent Infection
(3) Latent Infection/Primary Infection

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15
Q

Which type of infection is this:
Rapid releases of new viruses from infected cell causes cell death.
Symptoms of the disease depend on which cells are killed.

A

Lytic Infection

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16
Q

Which type of infection is this:

Slow release of new viruses allows the cell to remain alive and continue to produce new viruses for a prolonged period.

A

Persistent Infection

17
Q

Which type of infection is this:
Delay between infection and symptoms.
Virus is present in the cell without harming the cell.
Symptoms begin when the virus starts to actively replicate, and new viruses exiting the host cell can cause cell death.

A

Latent Infection/ Primary Infection

18
Q

What is the best way to fight viral infections?

A

vaccines

19
Q

What are protozoans?

A

single-celled eukaryotic organisms with a well-defined nucleus

20
Q

What are fungi?

A

are eukaryotic organisms with a well-defined nucleus in their cells

21
Q

True or False: Most fungal infections cannot be cured

A

False; most fungal infections can be cured

22
Q

What are parasitic worms?

A

multicellular animals that benefit from a close, prolonged relationship with their hosts while harming, bur usually not killing

23
Q

What is ascariasis?

A

caused by a large roundworm, ascaris, that is about the size of an earthworm

24
Q

What are prions?

A

infectious particles of proteins

25
Q

What are different ways that diseases spread?

A
  • Direct Contact
  • Indirect Contact
  • Contaminated food or water
  • Animal Vectors
  • Intravenous Drug Use
26
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

a large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease

27
Q

What are some of the most notorious epidemics?

A

bubonic plague
cholera
diphtheria
smallpox

28
Q

What is the difference between emerging and reemerging disease?

A

emerging disease- one with clinically distinct symptoms whose incidence has increased, particularly over the past two decades

reemerging disease- one that has reappeared after a decline in incidence

29
Q

What are the 4 factors that play important roles in the emergence and reemergence of disease?

A

(1) development of new organisms that can infect humans and development of drug-resistant organisms
(2) environmental change
(3) population growth
(4) failure to vaccinate

30
Q

What are the important factors determining where new infectious diseases will emerge?

A

(1) the rate of human population growth and the density of the human population
(2) the number of species of wild mammals

31
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

the study of patterns of disease

32
Q

What is the difference between sporadic diseases, endemic diseases, and epidemic disease?

A

(1) sporadic diseases-occur only occasionally unpredictable intervals
(2) endemic diseases- are always present in a population and pose little threat
(3) epidemic disease- occurs suddenly and spreads rapidly to many people

33
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

a global outbreak of disease

34
Q

Which type of disease is this:

affect a few people within a restricted area

A

sporadic diseases

35
Q

Which type of disease is this:

common cold

A

endemic diseases

36
Q

Which type of disease is this:

smallpox and cholera

A

epidemic disease

37
Q

Which type of disease is this:

HIV/AIDS

A

pandemic

Biology 100 (58 decks)

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