Chapter 4 Pt. 3 Flashcards
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
1) Skeletal Muscle Tissue
2) Cardiac Muscle Tissue
3) Smooth Muscle Tissue
________ Muscle Tissue-usually attached to bones
Skeletal
________ Muscle Tissue- found only in the walls of the heart, where its contractions are responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body
Cardiac
_______ Muscle Tissue- found in the walls of blood vessels and airways, where its contraction reduces the flow of blood or air
Smooth
Is Skeletal Muscle Tissue voluntary or involuntary?
voluntary
Is Cardiac Muscle Tissue voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
What type of muscle tissue is this: long, cylindrical cells; multiple nuclei per cell; obvious striations
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
What type of muscle tissue is this: branching, striated cells; one nucleus; specialized junctions between cells
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
What type of muscle tissue is this: cells taper at each end; single nucleus; arranged in sheets; no striations
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Where is Skeletal Muscle Tissue located?
muscles attached to bones
Where is Cardiac Muscle Tissue located?
wall of heart
Where is Smooth Muscle Tissue located?
walls of digestive system, blood vessels, and tubules of urinary system
What is the function(s) of Skeletal Muscle Tissue?
provides voluntary movement
What is the function(s) of Cardiac Muscle Tissue?
contracts and propels blood through the circulatory system
What is the function(s) of Smooth Muscle Tissue?
propels substances or objects through internal passageways
What are the two general cell types of the nervous tissue?
1) neurons
2) neuroglia
_______- generate and conduct nerve impulses, which they conduct to other neurons, muscle cells, or glands
neurons
What are the 3 parts of a neuron?
1) Cell Body
2) Dendrites
3) Axon
What does the cell body do in the neuron?
houses the nucleus and most organelles
What do the dendrites do in the neuron?
highly branched processes that provide a large surface area for the reception of signals from other neurons
What does the axon do in the neuron?
a long extension the usually conducts impulses away from the cell body
What is a neuroglia?
support, insulate, and protect neurons
neuroglia is also known as _____ cells
glial
neuroglia (or glial cells) communicate with other _____ cells and with _______
glial
neurons
True or False: neuroglia (or glial cells) decrease the rate at which impulses are conducted by neurons
False; neuroglia (or glial cells) increase the rate at which impulses are conducted by neurons
_________ (or ____ ____) provide neurons with nutrients from nearby blood vessels
neuroglia (glial cells)
What are the different types of cell junctions?
1) Tight Junctions
2) Adhesion Junctions
3) Gap Junctions
Which type of junction is this: creates an impermeable junction that prevents the exchange of materials between cells
Tight Junctions
Which type of junction is this: found between epithelial cells of the digestive tract, where they prevent digestive enzymes and microorganisms from entering the blood
Tight Junctions
Which type of junction is this: holds cells together despite stretching
Adhesion Junctions
Which type of junction is this: found in tissues that are often stretched, such as the skin and the openings of the uterus
Adhesion Junctions
Which type of junction is this: allows cells to communicate by allowing small molecules and ions to pass from cell to cell
Gap Junctions
Which type of junction is this: found in epithelia in which the movement of ions coordinates functions, such as the beating of cilia; found in excitable tissue such as heart and smooth muscle
Gap Junctions
What is an organ?
a structure composed of 2 or more different tissues that work together to perform a specific function
What is an organ system?
a group of organs with a common function
What are the 2 important functions of cavities?
1) they help protect the vital organs from being damaged when we walk or jump
2) they allow organs to slide past one another and change shape
What are the two main body cavities?
1) Ventral (towards the abdomen)
2) Dorsal (towards the back)
What are the two types of cavities within the ventral cavity?
1) thoracic (chest) cavity
2) abdominal cavity
What are the two types of cavities within the thoracic (chest) cavity?
1) pleural cavities
2) peri cardinal cavity
_______ cavities- which houses the lungs
pleural
____ _______ cavity-which holds the heart
peri cardinal
_________ cavity- contains the digestive system, urinary system, and the reproductive system
abdominal
abdominal cavity- contains the _________ system, _______ system, and the ___________ system
digestive
urinary
reproductive
thoracic and abdominal cavity are separated by the __________
diaphragm
What are the two types of cavities within the dorsal cavity?
1) cranial cavity
2) spinal cavity
_______ cavity- encloses the brain
cranial
______ cavity- houses the spinal cord
spinal
Both cavities and organ surfaces are covered with ____________ (sheets of epithelium supported by connective tissue)
membranes
