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Biology 100 > Chapter 1 Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Pt. 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
Categorizing the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis):
Domain: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
Kingdom: Animalia
Phyllum: Chordata
Class: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
Order: Rodentia 
Family: Sciuridae
Genus: Sciurus
Species: Carolinensis
A

Eukarya

Mammalia

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2
Q 
Categorizing the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis):
Domain: Eukarya 
Kingdom: Animalia
Phyllum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia 
Order: Rodentia 
Family: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Genus: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Species: Carolinensis
A

Sciuridae

Sciurus

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3
Q 
Categorizing the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis):
Domain: Eukarya 
Kingdom: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Phyllum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia 
Order: Rodentia 
Family: Sciuridae
Genus: Sciurus
Species: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Animalia

Carolinensis

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4
Q 
Categorizing the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis):
Domain: Eukarya 
Kingdom: Animalia
Phyllum: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Class: Mammalia 
Order: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
Family: Sciuridae
Genus: Sciurus
Species: Carolinensis
A

Chordata

Rodentia

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5
Q

________-a systematic approach to answering those questions

A

Science

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6
Q

________-a way of acquiring knowledge though carefully documented investigation and experimentation

A

Science

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7
Q

_________ _______- a way of learning about the natural world by applying certain rules of logic to the way information is gathered and conclusions are drawn

A

scientific method

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8
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. make careful observations, and ask a question about it
  2. hypothesis
  3. make a prediction based on your hypothesis, and test it
  4. Conclusion
  5. Make new predictions and test them OR revise hypothesis/predictions and test them
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9
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

an answer to a scientific question

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10
Q

A hypothesis is a __________, not a question

A

statement

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11
Q

A hypothesis is a statement, not a ________

A

question

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12
Q

True or False; a hypothesis can be shown to be false, it can never be proved to be true

A

True

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13
Q

_________ ___________- ideally designed in such a way that there can be only one explanation for the results

A

controlled experiment

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14
Q

What are the two groups in a controlled experiment?

A

(1) control group

(2) experimental group

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15
Q

Which group in a controlled experiment receives the placebo?

A

control group

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16
Q

What is a placebo?

A

an innocuous, non drug substance made to look like the drug being tested

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17
Q

What is the difference between an independent and confounding variable?

A

independent variable- one factor given to one group but not the other

confounding variable- additional variable that has not been controlled for, and may have affected the outcome

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18
Q

What is a conclusion?

A

an interpretation of the data

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19
Q

_________ __________- a measure of the possibility that the results were due to change

A

statistical significance

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20
Q

The lower the number (of statistical significance), the more ________ the results

A

accurate

21
Q

______- a well supported and wide-ranging explanation of some aspect of the physical universe

A

theory

22
Q

What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

A

Inductive Reasoning- facts are accumulated through observation until the sheer weight of the evidence allows some logical general statement to be made

Deductive Reasoning- begins with a general statement that leads logically to one or more deductions, or conclusions

23
Q

_________ reasoning= specific-> general claim

A

Inductive

24
Q

Inductive reasoning= _______-> general claim

A

specific

25
Q

Inductive reasoning= specific-> _______ claim

A

general

26
Q

_________ reasoning= general-> specific claim

A

Deductive

27
Q

Deductive reasoning= _______-> specific claim

A

general

28
Q

Deductive reasoning= general-> _______ claim

A

specific

29
Q

Which type of reasoning is this:

described as an “if-then” series of associations

A

Deductive Reasoning

30
Q

What are clinical trials?

A

studies on humans

31
Q

What are the phases of clinical trials?

A

Phase I: drug is screened for safety on fewer than 100 healthy people

Phase II: a few hundred people with the target disease are given the drug to see whether it works for its intended purpose

Phase III: the new drug will be compared with alternative treatments

32
Q

After all of the phases of a clinical trial, the ____ approves the drug.

A

FDA

33
Q

What is a double-blind experiment?

A

an experiment where neither the researchers not the study participants know which people are receiving treatment and which are receiving the placebo

34
Q

clinical traits require _______ _______

A

informed consent

35
Q

Participants of a clinical trial must also be ________ capable of understanding the treatment and risks

A

mentally

36
Q

What is an epidemiological study?

A

researchers look at patterns that occur within large populations

37
Q

What are some questions that critical thinkers should ask?

A
  1. Is the information consistent with information from other sources?
  2. How reliable is the source of the information?
  3. Was the information obtained through proper scientific procedures?
  4. Were experimental results interpreted correctly?
  5. Are there other possible explanations for the results?
38
Q

__________ ________- the ability to recognize what you need to know, locate relevant information, evaluate it, apply it to the problem at hand, and communicate it effectively

A

information literacy

39
Q

What are humans relatives in relation to our family?

A
  • mountain gorilla (male)
  • chimpanzee
  • bonobo (young)
  • lowland gorilla
  • sumation oranutang (male)
  • bornean orangutang (female & child)
40
Q

Biology comes from the greek:
____= life
_____= study of

A

bios

logia

41
Q

Biology comes from the greek:
bios=_____
logia= _____ ___

A

life

study of

42
Q

True or False: A hypothesis can be true even if it cannot be tested.

A

False; if you cannot test a hypothesis, it’s not science

43
Q

Religous, Aesthetic, Ethical, Superstitious…etc. are usually useful perspective but not __________, and cannot be _________ by science.

A

scientific

disproven

44
Q

Science does not address _____________ questions, or questions that involve ______ ____________.

A

metaphysical

value judgements

45
Q

_____________ is often referred to as “junk science”.

A

Pseudoscience

46
Q

Pseudoscience is ________ and lacks _________ ________.

A

unstable

empirical evidence

47
Q

Pseudoscience is often referred to as “_____ science”.

A

“junk

48
Q

______________ is unstable and lacks empirical evidence.

A

Pseudoscience

49
Q

Pseudo=_______

A

false

Biology 100 (58 decks)

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