Chapter 1 Pt. 2 Flashcards
Categorizing the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis): Domain: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Chordata Class: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Order: Rodentia Family: Sciuridae Genus: Sciurus Species: Carolinensis
Eukarya
Mammalia
Categorizing the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis): Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Genus: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Species: Carolinensis
Sciuridae
Sciurus
Categorizing the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis): Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Phyllum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Sciuridae Genus: Sciurus Species: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Animalia
Carolinensis
Categorizing the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis): Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Class: Mammalia Order: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Family: Sciuridae Genus: Sciurus Species: Carolinensis
Chordata
Rodentia
________-a systematic approach to answering those questions
Science
________-a way of acquiring knowledge though carefully documented investigation and experimentation
Science
_________ _______- a way of learning about the natural world by applying certain rules of logic to the way information is gathered and conclusions are drawn
scientific method
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- make careful observations, and ask a question about it
- hypothesis
- make a prediction based on your hypothesis, and test it
- Conclusion
- Make new predictions and test them OR revise hypothesis/predictions and test them
What is a hypothesis?
an answer to a scientific question
A hypothesis is a __________, not a question
statement
A hypothesis is a statement, not a ________
question
True or False; a hypothesis can be shown to be false, it can never be proved to be true
True
_________ ___________- ideally designed in such a way that there can be only one explanation for the results
controlled experiment
What are the two groups in a controlled experiment?
(1) control group
(2) experimental group
Which group in a controlled experiment receives the placebo?
control group
What is a placebo?
an innocuous, non drug substance made to look like the drug being tested
What is the difference between an independent and confounding variable?
independent variable- one factor given to one group but not the other
confounding variable- additional variable that has not been controlled for, and may have affected the outcome
What is a conclusion?
an interpretation of the data
_________ __________- a measure of the possibility that the results were due to change
statistical significance
The lower the number (of statistical significance), the more ________ the results
accurate
______- a well supported and wide-ranging explanation of some aspect of the physical universe
theory
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Inductive Reasoning- facts are accumulated through observation until the sheer weight of the evidence allows some logical general statement to be made
Deductive Reasoning- begins with a general statement that leads logically to one or more deductions, or conclusions
_________ reasoning= specific-> general claim
Inductive
Inductive reasoning= _______-> general claim
specific
Inductive reasoning= specific-> _______ claim
general
_________ reasoning= general-> specific claim
Deductive
Deductive reasoning= _______-> specific claim
general
Deductive reasoning= general-> _______ claim
specific
Which type of reasoning is this:
described as an “if-then” series of associations
Deductive Reasoning
What are clinical trials?
studies on humans
What are the phases of clinical trials?
Phase I: drug is screened for safety on fewer than 100 healthy people
Phase II: a few hundred people with the target disease are given the drug to see whether it works for its intended purpose
Phase III: the new drug will be compared with alternative treatments
After all of the phases of a clinical trial, the ____ approves the drug.
FDA
What is a double-blind experiment?
an experiment where neither the researchers not the study participants know which people are receiving treatment and which are receiving the placebo
clinical traits require _______ _______
informed consent
Participants of a clinical trial must also be ________ capable of understanding the treatment and risks
mentally
What is an epidemiological study?
researchers look at patterns that occur within large populations
What are some questions that critical thinkers should ask?
- Is the information consistent with information from other sources?
- How reliable is the source of the information?
- Was the information obtained through proper scientific procedures?
- Were experimental results interpreted correctly?
- Are there other possible explanations for the results?
__________ ________- the ability to recognize what you need to know, locate relevant information, evaluate it, apply it to the problem at hand, and communicate it effectively
information literacy
What are humans relatives in relation to our family?
- mountain gorilla (male)
- chimpanzee
- bonobo (young)
- lowland gorilla
- sumation oranutang (male)
- bornean orangutang (female & child)
Biology comes from the greek:
____= life
_____= study of
bios
logia
Biology comes from the greek:
bios=_____
logia= _____ ___
life
study of
True or False: A hypothesis can be true even if it cannot be tested.
False; if you cannot test a hypothesis, it’s not science
Religous, Aesthetic, Ethical, Superstitious…etc. are usually useful perspective but not __________, and cannot be _________ by science.
scientific
disproven
Science does not address _____________ questions, or questions that involve ______ ____________.
metaphysical
value judgements
_____________ is often referred to as “junk science”.
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience is ________ and lacks _________ ________.
unstable
empirical evidence
Pseudoscience is often referred to as “_____ science”.
“junk
______________ is unstable and lacks empirical evidence.
Pseudoscience
Pseudo=_______
false
