Social Psych (Prosocial Behavior, Social Environment)

Question 1

According to evolutionary theory, prosocial behaviour can be traced to _____ which is a means for ensuring the survival of our genes

Answer 1

kin selection

Question 2

Social norm theories focus on the role of norms, such as the norm of ______, which dictates that we should help other who have helped us

Answer 2

reciprocity

Question 3

Sherif’s Robber’s Cave study demonstrated that cooperation between hostile groups is increased when group members work to achieve a _____ goal. This was also applied by Aronson and his colleagues who applied the ______ method to a fifth grade classroom

Answer 3

superordinate; Jigsaw

Question 4

The jigsaw method not only reduces ethnic ____ but also enhances student’s self esteem and attitudes toward school

Answer 4

stereotypes

Question 5

Research on bystander intervention has found that a bystander is more likely to intervene when he/she is ______, when the bystander feels a sense of _____ for the victim, and when the emergency situation is____

Answer 5

alone; responsibility; non-ambiguous

Question 6

Lewin’s field theory predicts that behaviour is always a function of the person and his/her ____ and Lewin and Miller have identified four types of intraindividual conflict: For example, a(n) _____ conflict occurs when we much choose between two equally positive or attractive goals while a(n) _____ conflict occurs when there are two goals to choose from that each have positive and negative qualities

Answer 6

social and physical environment; approach-approach; double approach-avoidance

Question 7

The “Zeigarnik effect” refers to the fact the memory tends to be better for ______ tasks, especially in non-stressful situation

Answer 7

uncompleted

Question 8

Factors in the ambient environment that have been linked to predictable behavioural consequences include air pollution, high temperatures, and noxious noise. For example, exposure to noise can cause stress, irritability, and aggressiveness, although its detrimental effects tend to be reduced when people believe they can _____ even when they do not actually do so

Answer 8

stop (control) the noise

Question 9

Crowding is most likely to affect performance on _____ tasks

Answer 9

complex

Question 10

According to the density intensity hypothesis, the different effects of crowding are due to the fact that crowding _____ positive experiences and makes unpleasant experiences more unpleasant

Answer 10

enhances

Question 11

The effects of crowding are also moderated by the amount of _____ an individual requires

Answer 11

personal space

Question 12

In general, men require _____ personal space than women and tend to act more ____ than women in crowded situations

Answer 12

more; aggressively

Question 13

A person is most likely to be helped in an emergency situation when:

Answer 13

there is a single bystander

Question 14

Movie viewers are most likely to say they feel uncomfortable in a crowded movie theater when the movie is:

Answer 14

a boring documentary

Question 15

Research by Sherif et al. (1961) suggests that, to decrease hostility between groups of junior high school students, you would be best advised to:

Answer 15

assign the students goals that can be achieved only through intergroup cooperation

Question 16

Research investigating the effects of the “jigsaw method” in the classroom has demonstrated that it:

Answer 16

reduces racial or ethnic stereotyping.

Question 17

The basic premise of the Zeigarnik effect is that:

Answer 17

we tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished ones

Question 18

When faced with an approach-avoidance conflict:

Answer 18

the closer we get to the goal, the stronger our desire to avoid it

Question 19

With regard to the effects of crowding, which of the following is true?

Answer 19

Men are more likely than women to act aggressively in crowded situations.