Clinical Psychology (Humanistic & Constructivist) Flashcards
What are the 5 types of therapy that fit in the Humanistic/constructivist category?
- Person-centered therapy
- Gestalt therapy
- Existential therapy
- Reality therapy
- Personal construct therapy
what are the 3 facilitative conditions of person-centered therapy?
- unconditional positive regard
- empathy (accurate empathetic understanding)
- congruence (genuineness)
Phenomenological approach
to understand a person, one must understand his/her subjective experience
Carl Rogers therapy
person-centered, or client-centered, or Rogerian therapy
What is the central concept of Roger’s personality theory?
the self is the perception of “I or me” and each person has the ability to become self-actualized (or reach their full potential) and to do so, the self must remain unified, organized, and whole
view of maladaptive behaviour for person-centered therapy
when the self becomes disorganized; incongruence between self and experience
what is the primary goal of person-centered therapy?
help the client achieve congruence between self and experience so that they can reach self-actualization
what are the 3 facilitative conditions for the “right environment” in person-centered therapy?
- Unconditional positive regard (repsect): genuine care, affirmation of worth, acceptace
- Genuineness (congruence): authentic, honest communication
- Accurate empathetic understanding: showing empathy might involve nodding, maintaining eye contact, reflection of feelings
founder of Gestalt therapy
Fitz Perls
According to Carl Rogers, what leads to disorganization of the self?
incongruence between self and experience
A Gestalt therapist would interpret a client’s transference as…
the client’s fantasy
As described by Alfred Adler, a healthy style of life is characterized by…
confidence, optimism, and concern about the welfare of others
Carl Rogers proposed that a person may attempt to relieve anxiety by relying on what?
distortion or denial
George Kelly’s (1955) personal construct theory focuses on the role of “personal constructs,” which Kelly describes as…
bipolar dimensions of meaning
Glasser’s (1998) reality therapy identifies which of the following as the primary source of motivation?
basic innate needs
The goals of Gestalt therapy include helping the client recognize and satisfy needs and accept polarities that exist within his or her personality. A psychologist using a Gestalt approach would consider the key to achieving these goals to be ______
awareness
Gestalt -Boundary Disturbance - Introjection
a person accepts concepts, facts, and standards from the environment w/o actually understanding or fully assimilating them (often overly compliant)
Gestalt-Boundary disturbance –Projection
involves disowning aspects of the self by assigning them to other people
Gestalt-Boundary disturbance –Retroflection
doing to oneself what one wants to do to others (ex. turning anger inwards)
Gestalt-Boundary disturbance–Confluence
absence of a boundary between the self and the environment (causes intolerance of any differences between oneself and others –often underlies feelings of guilt and resentment)
According to existentialism, what are the ultimate concerns of existence?
death, freedom, existential isolation, and meaninglessness
5 basic innate needs according to Reality Therapy
- survival
- love and belonging
- power
- freedom
- fun
What is reality therapy based on?
choice theory (or control theory) –that people are responsible for the choices they make
Roger’s person-centered therapy is based on the assumptions that all people have an inherent tendency to _______ and that incongruence between ____ and experience interferes with that tendency
self-actualize; self
to help clients achieve congruence, person-centered therapists provide them with three “facilitative conditions”: unconditional _______ involves accepting the client without evaluation, _______ is the ability to understand the world as the client does, and ____ is provided when a therapist honestly communicates his/her feelings to the client when it is appropriate to do so
positive regard; empathy; congruence
Gestalt therapy is based on the assumption that each person is capable of living fully as an ______ whole
integrated
The self is an important concept in Gestalt therapy, and neurotic (maladaptive) behaviour is viewed as a “growth disorder” that occurs when the individual abandons the self for the ____
self-image
Neuroses are often related to a boundary disturbance such as _____, which occurs when a person psychologically “swallows” whole concepts from the environment without fully understanding them
introjection
Gestaltians consider awareness to be the primary curative factor in therapy, with awareness involving a full understanding of one’s _____ in the here and now
thoughts, feelings, and actions
For existential therapists, maladaptive behaviour is due to an inability to cope authentically with the ________ of existence (death, freedom, existential isolation, and meaninglessness)
ultimate concerns
_____ anxiety results from an attempt to avoid ____ anxiety
neurotic; existential
Glasser, the founder of reality therapy, believes that people have five basic needs: survival, _______, power, freedom, and fun
love and belonging
When people fulfill their needs in a responsible way, they have adopted a ____ identity, but when people fulfill their needs in an irresponsible way, they have assumed a ____ identity
success; failure
According to Kelly, psychological processes are determined by how a person construes events, with construing involving the sue of personal constructs, which are ______ dimensions of meaning that begin to develop in infancy and may operate on an unconscious or conscious level. Kelly devised _______ to help clients “try on” and adopt alternative personal constructs
bipolar; fixed-role therapy
