Clinical Psychology (Humanistic & Constructivist)

Question 1

What are the 5 types of therapy that fit in the Humanistic/constructivist category?

Answer 1

• Person-centered therapy
• Gestalt therapy
• Existential therapy
• Reality therapy
• Personal construct therapy

Question 2

what are the 3 facilitative conditions of person-centered therapy?

Answer 2

• unconditional positive regard
• empathy (accurate empathetic understanding)
• congruence (genuineness)

Question 3

Phenomenological approach

Answer 3

to understand a person, one must understand his/her subjective experience

Question 4

Carl Rogers therapy

Answer 4

person-centered, or client-centered, or Rogerian therapy

Question 5

What is the central concept of Roger’s personality theory?

Answer 5

the self is the perception of “I or me” and each person has the ability to become self-actualized (or reach their full potential) and to do so, the self must remain unified, organized, and whole

Question 6

view of maladaptive behaviour for person-centered therapy

Answer 6

when the self becomes disorganized; incongruence between self and experience

Question 7

what is the primary goal of person-centered therapy?

Answer 7

help the client achieve congruence between self and experience so that they can reach self-actualization

Question 8

what are the 3 facilitative conditions for the “right environment” in person-centered therapy?

Answer 8

1. Unconditional positive regard (repsect): genuine care, affirmation of worth, acceptace
2. Genuineness (congruence): authentic, honest communication
3. Accurate empathetic understanding: showing empathy might involve nodding, maintaining eye contact, reflection of feelings

Question 9

founder of Gestalt therapy

Answer 9

Fitz Perls

Question 10

According to Carl Rogers, what leads to disorganization of the self?

Answer 10

incongruence between self and experience

Question 11

A Gestalt therapist would interpret a client’s transference as…

Answer 11

the client’s fantasy

Question 12

As described by Alfred Adler, a healthy style of life is characterized by…

Answer 12

confidence, optimism, and concern about the welfare of others

Question 13

Carl Rogers proposed that a person may attempt to relieve anxiety by relying on what?

Answer 13

distortion or denial

Question 14

George Kelly’s (1955) personal construct theory focuses on the role of “personal constructs,” which Kelly describes as…

Answer 14

bipolar dimensions of meaning

Question 15

Glasser’s (1998) reality therapy identifies which of the following as the primary source of motivation?

Answer 15

basic innate needs

Question 16

The goals of Gestalt therapy include helping the client recognize and satisfy needs and accept polarities that exist within his or her personality. A psychologist using a Gestalt approach would consider the key to achieving these goals to be ______

Answer 16

awareness

Question 17

Gestalt -Boundary Disturbance - Introjection

Answer 17

a person accepts concepts, facts, and standards from the environment w/o actually understanding or fully assimilating them (often overly compliant)

Question 18

Gestalt-Boundary disturbance –Projection

Answer 18

involves disowning aspects of the self by assigning them to other people

Question 19

Gestalt-Boundary disturbance –Retroflection

Answer 19

doing to oneself what one wants to do to others (ex. turning anger inwards)

Question 20

Gestalt-Boundary disturbance–Confluence

Answer 20

absence of a boundary between the self and the environment (causes intolerance of any differences between oneself and others –often underlies feelings of guilt and resentment)

Question 21

According to existentialism, what are the ultimate concerns of existence?

Answer 21

death, freedom, existential isolation, and meaninglessness

Question 22

5 basic innate needs according to Reality Therapy

Answer 22

1. survival
2. love and belonging
3. power
4. freedom
5. fun

Question 23

What is reality therapy based on?

Answer 23

choice theory (or control theory) –that people are responsible for the choices they make

Question 24

Roger’s person-centered therapy is based on the assumptions that all people have an inherent tendency to _______ and that incongruence between ____ and experience interferes with that tendency

Answer 24

self-actualize; self

Question 25

to help clients achieve congruence, person-centered therapists provide them with three “facilitative conditions”: unconditional _______ involves accepting the client without evaluation, _______ is the ability to understand the world as the client does, and ____ is provided when a therapist honestly communicates his/her feelings to the client when it is appropriate to do so

Answer 25

positive regard; empathy; congruence

Question 26

Gestalt therapy is based on the assumption that each person is capable of living fully as an ______ whole

Answer 26

integrated

Question 27

The self is an important concept in Gestalt therapy, and neurotic (maladaptive) behaviour is viewed as a “growth disorder” that occurs when the individual abandons the self for the ____

Answer 27

self-image

Question 28

Neuroses are often related to a boundary disturbance such as _____, which occurs when a person psychologically “swallows” whole concepts from the environment without fully understanding them

Answer 28

introjection

Question 29

Gestaltians consider awareness to be the primary curative factor in therapy, with awareness involving a full understanding of one’s _____ in the here and now

Answer 29

thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 30

For existential therapists, maladaptive behaviour is due to an inability to cope authentically with the ________ of existence (death, freedom, existential isolation, and meaninglessness)

Answer 30

ultimate concerns

Question 31

_____ anxiety results from an attempt to avoid ____ anxiety

Answer 31

neurotic; existential

Question 32

Glasser, the founder of reality therapy, believes that people have five basic needs: survival, _______, power, freedom, and fun

Answer 32

love and belonging

Question 33

When people fulfill their needs in a responsible way, they have adopted a ____ identity, but when people fulfill their needs in an irresponsible way, they have assumed a ____ identity

Answer 33

success; failure

Question 34

According to Kelly, psychological processes are determined by how a person construes events, with construing involving the sue of personal constructs, which are ______ dimensions of meaning that begin to develop in infancy and may operate on an unconscious or conscious level. Kelly devised _______ to help clients “try on” and adopt alternative personal constructs

Answer 34

bipolar; fixed-role therapy