I/O Psych (Organizational Change, Culture)

Question 1

Although OD interventions vary, they share an emphasis on ______ change and reliance on behavioural science principles

Answer 1

planned

Question 2

The most common reason a company initiates an OD intervention is to ________.

Answer 2

improve productivity

Question 3

Lewin’s force field analysis of planned change describes change as involving three stages:

Answer 3

unfreezing, changing, and refreezing

Question 4

QWL programs are designed to _______ work and may include quality circles (QCs), which are voluntary groups that meet regularly to discuss work related problems

Answer 4

humanize

Question 5

______ work teams are autonomous groups that make decisions previously made by management

Answer 5

Self-managed

Question 6

Process consultation focuses on behaviours and is aimed at helping employees improve processes that are undermining their ________, while survey feedback focuses more on employee _______

Answer 6

interactions; attitudes, opinions, and perceptions

Question 7

TQM emphasizes customer service, employee involvement, and _____ in the quality of goods and services

Answer 7

continuous improvement

Question 8

An advantage of an _______ change agent is that he/she is more familiar with the company. In contrast, an ________ change agent is more likely to view the situation objectively

Answer 8

internal; external

Question 9

in terms of data collection, _______ are useful for obtaining information about the attitudes, values, and beliefs of a large number of employees, while ______ is helpful for collecting information on overt behaviour and interactions

Answer 9

questionnaires and surveys; direct observation

Question 10

The normative-re-educative strategy focuses on altering ______ to overcome resistance to change, while the rational-empirical approach emphasizes the individual’s _______

Answer 10

sociocultural norms; self-interest

Question 11

The fairness of organizational procedures and policies can be judged in terms of three types of justice: _______ justice refers to the fairness of the way in which a policy is implemented, ________ justice refers to how employees feel about the quality and content of person-to-person interactions, and _______ justice refers to the fairness of outcomes

Answer 11

procedural; interactional; distributive

Question 12

Organizational culture is embedded within the national culture. According to Hofstede, national culture can be described in terms of five dimensions: Power ____, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and _______ orientation.

Answer 12

distance; long-term

Question 13

Schien distinguishes between three levels of organizational culture: observable ______, espoused values and beliefs, and basic _______

Answer 13

artifacts; underlying assumptions

Question 14

basic underlying assumptions can serve as ________mechanisms and impede organizational change

Answer 14

cognitive defense

Question 15

The ________ fit refers to the match between the values of the employee and the organization. It is achieved primarily through _______ and socialization processes

Answer 15

person-organization; selection

Question 16

According to Schein (1992), organizational culture can be described in terms of three levels. The deepest level consists of basic underlying assumptions that can serve as:

Answer 16

cognitive defense mechanisms.
( According to Schein, underlying assumptions are taken-for-granted beliefs and emotions that can act as cognitive defense mechanisms.)

Question 17

A process consultant initially:

Answer 17

observes workers as they interact

Question 18

A process consultant is most likely to focus on:

Answer 18

communication, decision-making, and conflict

Question 19

__________ assessments are used when organizational development is desired, and _________ assessments collect individual data.

Answer 19

Self; personnel
(Self-assessments are utilized to direct organizational development, and are most effective when stakeholders are involved. Personnel assessments collect individual data, which may include records, biographical data, test results, and work samples.)

Question 20

Having employees meet in groups to discuss alternative ways of accomplishing change is an example of which of the following strategies?

Answer 20

normative-reeducative
(As its name implies, the normative-reeducative strategy is based on the assumption that peer pressure and sociocultural norms are potent forces of change.)

Question 21

Which of the following will have the greatest impact on employees’ perceptions of interactional justice at work?

Answer 21

Employees are treated with respect and consideration by supervisors.