Clinical Psychology (Psychodynamic)

Question 1

what are the 4 psychodynamic psychotherapies?

Answer 1

• Psychoanalysis (Freud)
• Individual Psychology (Adler)
• Analytical psychotherapy (Jung)
• Object-relations Theory (Mahler)

Question 2

reaction formation

Answer 2

a defense mechanism which involves avoiding an anxiety-arousing instinct by expressing its opposite

Question 3

Psychoanalysis entails a combination of what 5 techniques

Answer 3

• confrontation
• clarification
• interpretation
• catharsis
• working through

Question 4

Adler’s individual psychology adopts a _________ approach

Answer 4

teleological

Question 5

teleological approach

Answer 5

regards behaviour as being largely motivated by a person’s future goals, rather than determined by past events

Question 6

A Freudian psychoanalyst is most likely to describe ___________ as explicitly connecting current behavior to unconscious processes.

Answer 6

interpretation

Question 7

As described by Jung, __________ are universal, generationally transmitted images that structure how people perceive their experiences.

Answer 7

Archetypes

Question 8

For Carl Jung, transference involves:

Answer 8

projection of the personal and collective unconscious

Question 9

Margaret Mahler traced adult psychopathology to problems related to what?

Answer 9

separation-individuation

Question 10

personal unconscious

Answer 10

material that was once conscious, but is now repressed or forgotten

Question 11

collective unconscious

Answer 11

contains memories that have been passed down from one generation to the next

Question 12

What are the 4 archetypes

Answer 12

• the self
• the persona
• the shadow
• anima or animus

Question 13

object-relations theorists consider _________ to be a basic inborn drive

Answer 13

object-seeking

Question 14

According to object-relations theory, borderline personality disorder is due to inadequate resolution of ________ of objects into “good” and “bad” components

Answer 14

Splitting

Question 15

The superego develops at about age ____

Answer 15

4 or 5

Question 16

for an object-relations theorist - introjection refers to

Answer 16

assimilating aspects of an object into the self
(ex. a child’s internalized images of the mother or other object; the self interacting with the object, and the emotions involved with the object)

Question 17

The ____ consists of a person’s instincts, which serve as the source of all psychic energy

Answer 17

id

Question 18

The _____ mediates conflicts between the ____ and reality or the superego

Answer 18

ego; id

Question 19

the _____ develops at about age ____ and represents an internalization of society’s values and standards

Answer 19

superego; 4 or 5

Question 20

As defined by Freud, anxiety alerts the ____ to internal or external danger related to a conflict between the id and the superego or reality or to an actual threat in the external environment

Answer 20

ego

Question 21

to ward of danger, the ego mat resort to one of its defense mechanisms, such as _____, which involves avoiding an anxiety-arousing instinct by expressing its opposite

Answer 21

reaction formation

Question 22

Psychoanalysis entails a combination of confrontation, clarification, _____, and working through

Answer 22

interpretation

Question 23

recent modification to the Freudian approach consider the therapist’s ______ to be an important source of information about a client as long as it is recognized and managed appropriately

Answer 23

countertransference

Question 24

Adler emphasizes the role of ____ factors in personality development and adopted a _____ approach that views behaviour as being motivation largely by future goals

Answer 24

social; teleological

Question 25

According to Adler, a person’s _______ reflects the ways he/she chooses to compensate for feelings of inferiority and to achieve superiority

Answer 25

style of life

Question 26

According to Jung, unconscious processes are made up of the _____ unconscious, which contains material that was once conscious, but is now repressed or forgotten, and the ____ unconscious, which contains memories that have been passed down from generation to generation

Answer 26

personal; collective

Question 27

The self, the persona, and the shadow are ____ that are a part of the collective unconscious and that have particular importance for personality development

Answer 27

archetypes

Question 28

The object relations theorists consider _____ to be a basic inborn drive

Answer 28

object-seeking

Question 29

In terms of development, Mahler’s theory emphasizes the ____ process, which begins at about four or five months of age, and she attributes many forms of psychopathology to problems during this phase

Answer 29

separation-individuation

Question 30

According to Kernberg, Borderline Personality Disorder is due to inadequate resolution of _____ of objects and object relations into “good” and “bad” components

Answer 30

splitting