Psychological Assessment (Introduction, Intelligence Issues)

Question 1

Characteristics of the test that should be considered when evaluating its appropriateness for a particular examinee include its reliability, validity, and _______

Answer 1

standardization

Question 2

A test is to be standardized when fixed ____ procedures have been established and the test has been administered to a representative sample to establish ______

Answer 2

administration and scoring; norms

Question 3

______-referenced scores are also known as domain- or content-referenced and permit interpreting an examinee’s performance in terms of what he/she can do or knows with regard to a clearly defined domain; while self-referenced scores permit intraindividual comparisons and are also known as _________ scores

Answer 3

Criterion; ipsative

Question 4

The scores provided by most tests can be categorized as _____-referenced, ______-referenced, or _____-referenced

Answer 4

norm; criterion; self

Question 5

Functional behavioural assessment (FBA) involved determining the function of a behaviour by identifying its ______ and consequences

Answer 5

antecedents

Question 6

______ is a type of dynamic assessment that is usually done after standard administration of a test and involves providing cues, suggestions, or feedback to obtain additional information about an examinee

Answer 6

testing the limits

Question 7

An advantage of _____ is that it tailors the test to the individual examinee by choosing subsequent items based on his/her previous answers

Answer 7

computer adaptive testing (CAT)

Question 8

Predictions are classified as either actuarial or clinical. The former are based on _____ relationships between test results and target criteria, while the latter are based on ______

Answer 8

empirically validated; the clinician’s judgment

Question 9

The research has found that actuarial predictions alone tend to be _____ accurate than clinical predictions alone

Answer 9

more

Question 10

To establish rapport and maintain the cooperation of children during an interview, the interviewer can make use of _____ statements and reflection, and should rely primarily on _______ questions (except those starting with why)

Answer 10

descriptive; open-ended

Question 11

To enhance sensitivity in multicultural assessment, examiners should be aware of the cultural _____ of many assessment techniques and use alternative techniques whenever possible

Answer 11

loading (content)

Question 12

Research on the effects of a White examiner on the test performance of African American children can be be summarized as demonstrating ________

Answer 12

no consistent effect (inconsistent results)

Question 13

Multiple _____ methods exist, including self-report, direct observation, psychophysiological measures, and multiinformant reports

Answer 13

data collection

Question 14

Utilizing ______ may be helpful in administering evaluations and decreasing costs, but there is also a risk of personal records being infiltrated

Answer 14

technology

Question 15

Spearman’s two-factor theory predicts that performance on any cognitive task depends on _____ plus one or more specific abilities

Answer 15

g (general intelligence)

Question 16

Horn and Cattell distinguished between fluid and ______ intelligence and concluded that ______ intelligence is strongly affected by education and cultural experiences

Answer 16

crystalized; crystalized

Question 17

Sternberg’s triarchic theory proposes that successful intelligence is composed of three abilities– analytical, creative, and ______-

Answer 17

practical

Question 18

The impact of heredity on intelligence is demonstrated by studies showing that, the greater the ______ similarity between people, the higher the correlation coefficient between their IQ test scores

Answer 18

genetic

Question 19

The correlation for identical twins reared together is about _____, while the correlation for biological siblings reared together is _____

Answer 19

0.85; 0.45

Question 20

The influence of the environment on intelligence is demonstrated by research on the ____ effect which found (with come recent exceptions) a steady increase in IQ test scores in the US and other industrial countries

Answer 20

Flynn

Question 21

With regard to the stability of intelligence over the lifespan, Horn proposed that crystalized intelligence increased until about age ____, while fluid intelligence peaks in late adolescence and thereafter declines

Answer 21

60

Question 22

Research investigating the stability of intelligence over the lifespan has produced contradictory results. In part because of the different research methodologies used. Early age-related declines are most likely to be found when a _____ design is used because this design is very susceptible to ______ effects

Answer 22

cross-sectional; cohort (intergenerational)

Question 23

Schaie and his colleagues used a _____ design and found that, of the six mental abilities they assessed, only _____ showed significant declines prior to age 60

Answer 23

cross-sectional; perceptual speed

Question 24

males and females do not differ in a consistent way in terms of mean scores on IQ tests, but females tend to outperform males on measures of _____ ability, while males obtain higher scores on measures of certain _____ and math skills

Answer 24

verbal; spatial

Question 25

Several experts argue that cognitive ability tests are biased against members of certain groups. They distinguish between _____ bias, which occurs when there is differential validity, and intercept bias, which occurs when the mean scores on the _____ differ for different groups

Answer 25

slope; predictor

Question 26

A domain-referenced test would be most useful for:

Answer 26

determining how well an examinee has mastered a unit on inferential statistics

Question 27

A measure of crystallized intelligence would include items that assess which of the following?

Answer 27

general knowledge
(As described by Horn and Cattell, crystallized intelligence includes acquired skills and knowledge and is affected by educational and cultural experiences.)

Question 28

An adult in his or her late 50s is most likely to exhibit an age-related decline on cognitive tasks involving:

Answer 28

processing speed

Question 29

In a scatterplot, a “slope bias” is indicative of which of the following?

Answer 29

differential validity

Question 30

Overall, the best conclusion that can be drawn about the effects of examiner race on the performance of African American children on standard IQ tests is that:

Answer 30

there is no consistent effect of examiner race on the scores of African American children

Question 31

Research comparing actuarial and clinical predictions indicates that:

Answer 31

predictions based on actuarial approaches are usually more accurate than predictions based on clinical judgment.

Question 32

Studies examining the impact of heredity on IQ have correlated the IQs of children and their siblings and/or parents. These studies suggest that the correlation for biological siblings reared together is about:

Answer 32

.40 to .45

Question 33

Testing the limits” is ordinarily done:

Answer 33

after the test has been administered using standardized procedures.

Question 34

Which data collection method would involve compiling data about the client from several different sources?

Answer 34

Multi-informant report