Psychological Assessment (Introduction, Intelligence Issues) Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of the test that should be considered when evaluating its appropriateness for a particular examinee include its reliability, validity, and _______

A

standardization

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2
Q

A test is to be standardized when fixed ____ procedures have been established and the test has been administered to a representative sample to establish ______

A

administration and scoring; norms

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3
Q

______-referenced scores are also known as domain- or content-referenced and permit interpreting an examinee’s performance in terms of what he/she can do or knows with regard to a clearly defined domain; while self-referenced scores permit intraindividual comparisons and are also known as _________ scores

A

Criterion; ipsative

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4
Q

The scores provided by most tests can be categorized as _____-referenced, ______-referenced, or _____-referenced

A

norm; criterion; self

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5
Q

Functional behavioural assessment (FBA) involved determining the function of a behaviour by identifying its ______ and consequences

A

antecedents

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6
Q

______ is a type of dynamic assessment that is usually done after standard administration of a test and involves providing cues, suggestions, or feedback to obtain additional information about an examinee

A

testing the limits

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7
Q

An advantage of _____ is that it tailors the test to the individual examinee by choosing subsequent items based on his/her previous answers

A

computer adaptive testing (CAT)

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8
Q

Predictions are classified as either actuarial or clinical. The former are based on _____ relationships between test results and target criteria, while the latter are based on ______

A

empirically validated; the clinician’s judgment

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9
Q

The research has found that actuarial predictions alone tend to be _____ accurate than clinical predictions alone

A

more

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10
Q

To establish rapport and maintain the cooperation of children during an interview, the interviewer can make use of _____ statements and reflection, and should rely primarily on _______ questions (except those starting with why)

A

descriptive; open-ended

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11
Q

To enhance sensitivity in multicultural assessment, examiners should be aware of the cultural _____ of many assessment techniques and use alternative techniques whenever possible

A

loading (content)

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12
Q

Research on the effects of a White examiner on the test performance of African American children can be be summarized as demonstrating ________

A

no consistent effect (inconsistent results)

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13
Q

Multiple _____ methods exist, including self-report, direct observation, psychophysiological measures, and multiinformant reports

A

data collection

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14
Q

Utilizing ______ may be helpful in administering evaluations and decreasing costs, but there is also a risk of personal records being infiltrated

A

technology

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15
Q

Spearman’s two-factor theory predicts that performance on any cognitive task depends on _____ plus one or more specific abilities

A

g (general intelligence)

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16
Q

Horn and Cattell distinguished between fluid and ______ intelligence and concluded that ______ intelligence is strongly affected by education and cultural experiences

A

crystalized; crystalized

17
Q

Sternberg’s triarchic theory proposes that successful intelligence is composed of three abilities– analytical, creative, and ______-

A

practical

18
Q

The impact of heredity on intelligence is demonstrated by studies showing that, the greater the ______ similarity between people, the higher the correlation coefficient between their IQ test scores

A

genetic

19
Q

The correlation for identical twins reared together is about _____, while the correlation for biological siblings reared together is _____

A

0.85; 0.45

20
Q

The influence of the environment on intelligence is demonstrated by research on the ____ effect which found (with come recent exceptions) a steady increase in IQ test scores in the US and other industrial countries

A

Flynn

21
Q

With regard to the stability of intelligence over the lifespan, Horn proposed that crystalized intelligence increased until about age ____, while fluid intelligence peaks in late adolescence and thereafter declines

A

60

22
Q

Research investigating the stability of intelligence over the lifespan has produced contradictory results. In part because of the different research methodologies used. Early age-related declines are most likely to be found when a _____ design is used because this design is very susceptible to ______ effects

A

cross-sectional; cohort (intergenerational)

23
Q

Schaie and his colleagues used a _____ design and found that, of the six mental abilities they assessed, only _____ showed significant declines prior to age 60

A

cross-sectional; perceptual speed

24
Q

males and females do not differ in a consistent way in terms of mean scores on IQ tests, but females tend to outperform males on measures of _____ ability, while males obtain higher scores on measures of certain _____ and math skills

A

verbal; spatial

25
Q

Several experts argue that cognitive ability tests are biased against members of certain groups. They distinguish between _____ bias, which occurs when there is differential validity, and intercept bias, which occurs when the mean scores on the _____ differ for different groups

A

slope; predictor

26
Q

A domain-referenced test would be most useful for:

A

determining how well an examinee has mastered a unit on inferential statistics

27
Q

A measure of crystallized intelligence would include items that assess which of the following?

A
general knowledge
(As described by Horn and Cattell, crystallized intelligence includes acquired skills and knowledge and is affected by educational and cultural experiences.)
28
Q

An adult in his or her late 50s is most likely to exhibit an age-related decline on cognitive tasks involving:

A

processing speed

29
Q

In a scatterplot, a “slope bias” is indicative of which of the following?

A

differential validity

30
Q

Overall, the best conclusion that can be drawn about the effects of examiner race on the performance of African American children on standard IQ tests is that:

A

there is no consistent effect of examiner race on the scores of African American children

31
Q

Research comparing actuarial and clinical predictions indicates that:

A

predictions based on actuarial approaches are usually more accurate than predictions based on clinical judgment.

32
Q

Studies examining the impact of heredity on IQ have correlated the IQs of children and their siblings and/or parents. These studies suggest that the correlation for biological siblings reared together is about:

A

.40 to .45

33
Q

Testing the limits” is ordinarily done:

A

after the test has been administered using standardized procedures.

34
Q

Which data collection method would involve compiling data about the client from several different sources?

A

Multi-informant report