Learning Theory (Cognitive-Learning Theories)

Question 1

Tolman’s research with rates in mazes suggested that the rats formed cognitive maps, thereby providing evidence of ______ learning

Answer 1

latent

Question 2

Kohler proposed that _______ learning involves internal cognitive restructuring of the environment that allows the organism to achieve its goals

Answer 2

insight

Question 3

According to Bandura, observational learning involves four processes: attention, _______, production, and motivation

Answer 3

retention

Question 4

Research on observational learning suggests that _____ modelling is the most effective form of modelling for treating phobias and that ________ models are more effective than mastery models

Answer 4

participant; coping

Question 5

Bandura also proposed that a person’s self-efficacy beliefs are a primary source of motivation and are affected by four informational sources: enactive attainment, _______ experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional and physiological states

Answer 5

vicarious

Question 6

Bandura’s notion of ________ predicts that there’s an interactive and influential relationship between a person’s environment, overt behaviours, and personal characteristics

Answer 6

reciprocal determinism

Question 7

The reformulated version of the learned helplessness model describes depression as the result of _______ attributions about negative events. More recently, the model was revised to incorporate the impact of a sense of _________

Answer 7

internal, stable, and global; hopelessness

Question 8

A researcher designs a study to investigate college students’ expectations regarding their ability to master a new skill, achieve a particular goal, or produce a particular outcome. Apparently, this researcher is interested in which of the following phenomena?

Answer 8

self-efficacy

Question 9

Bandura’s notion of reciprocal determinism is useful for explaining:

Answer 9

how the individual and his or her environment influence each other.

Question 10

Bandura’s research on the effects of modeling for treating snake phobia found that which of the following was the most effective strategy?

Answer 10

participant modeling

Question 11

From the perspective of the reformulated version of the learned helplessness model, depression results when a person attributes negative events to:

Answer 11

internal, stable, and global factors

Question 12

Kohler’s (1925) research with chimpanzees led to his description of which of the following?

Answer 12

insight learning

Question 13

Tolman used the notion of “cognitive maps” as support for which of the following?

Answer 13

latent learning