Physiology (Learning, Memory, & Language)

Question 1

Following bilateral medial temporal lobectomy the relieve severe epilepsy, H.M was able to recall remote events, but he exhibited severe _____ amnesia and retrograde amnesia for _____ events

Answer 1

anterograde; recent

Question 2

A number of areas of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. The _____ lobes are essential for the storage and retrieval of long-term declarative memories; The _______ is involved in memory consolidation and explicit memory; and the ______ attaches emotion to memory

Answer 2

temporal; hippocampus; amygdala

Question 3

The _____ cortex plays a role in episodic memory, prospective memory, and working memory, while the ____, cerebellum, and motor cortex contribute to procedural and implicit

Answer 3

prefrontal; basal ganglia

Question 4

At the neural level, ____ in the hippocampus is believed to be important for long-term memory. There is also evidence that long-term memory depends on increased _____ during the minutes or hours following training

Answer 4

long-term potentiation (LPT); protein synthesis

Question 5

when the synthesis of protein or _____ is inhibited at the time of training, long-term memory is impaired

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

Damage to Broca’s area produces ____ aphasia

Answer 6

Broca’s (expressive, motor, nonfluent)

Question 7

People with Broca’s aphasia speak slowly with difficulty and their speech is poorly ______, but they usually have little or no difficulty ______ language

Answer 7

articulated; comprehending

Question 8

Damage to Wernicke’s area results in _____ aphasia

Answer 8

Wernicke’s (receptive, sensory, fluent)

Question 9

People with Wernicke’s aphasia speak rapidly and effortlessly but their speech is usually ______, and they have trouble understanding written and spoken language

Answer 9

devoid of content (meaningless)

Question 10

_____ aphasia results from damage to the arcuate fasciculus and involves _____ (an inability to name a familiar object, attribution, or action), paraphasia, and impaired repetition

Answer 10

Conduction; anomia

Question 11

_____ aphasia is caused by lesions that isolate Broca’s area and/or Wernicke’s area from other regions of the brain, while ______ aphasia is caused by widespread brain injury involving Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas as well as other areas in the left frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes

Answer 11

Transcortical, global

Question 12

A researcher investigating the chemical correlates of memory would be most likely to find that administration of which of the following would improve memory consolidation in older adults?

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

Difficulty repeating words, phrases, or sentences uttered by another person is characteristic of all of the following types of aphasia except:

Answer 13

transcortical aphasia

Question 14

H.M. underwent a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy as treatment for severe epilepsy. Following the surgery, H.M. exhibited which of the following?

Answer 14

impairments in recent long-term memory

Question 15

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is believed to underlie:

Answer 15

learning and memory

Question 16

Wernicke’s aphasia involves:

Answer 16

fluent output, impaired repetition, poor comprehension