Abnormal Psych (Anxiety/Obsessive compulsive/ and Trauma/stress disorder) Flashcards
what are some important differences between depression and anxiety?
anxiety is associated with higher level of positive affect and autonomic arousal
what are “purely” anxious symptoms?
apprehension, tension, trembling, excessive worry, and nightmares
what are “purely” depressive symptoms?
depressed mood, anhedonia, loss of interest in usual activities, suicidal ideation and decreased libido
Separation Anxiety Disorder
involves developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety related to separation from home or attachment figures; must show at least 3 symptoms lasting for at least 4 weeks in children or six months in adults–must also cause clinically significant distress or impaired functioning
separation anxiety disorder involves ______ inappropriate fear of anxiety related to separation from ____ or ______
developmentally; home; attachment figures
for the diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder, symptoms must have a duration of at least _____ in children and adolescents or ____ in adults
four weeks; six months
Specific phobia
involved marked fear of a specific object or situation
Social anxiety disorder
characterized by an intense fear of social situations that may entail exposure to scrutiny by others
treatment for specific phobia and social anxiety disorder often includes _______
exposure with response prevention
Because the fainting reaction associated with the ______ subtype of specific phobia, treatment involves tensing (rather than relaxing) muscles in the presence of the feared stimulus
blood-injection-injury
a diagnosis of panic disorder requires the presence of recurrent ______ panic attacks with at least one attack being followed by persistent concern of having another attack
unexpected
Agoraphobia is diagnosed in the presence of marked fear or anxiety in at least two of the following situations
- using public transportation
- being in open spaces or enclosed spaces
- standing in line or being part of a crowd
- being outside the home alone
treatment for agoraphobia is most effective when it includes ________
in-vivo exposure to feared situations
Generalized anxiety disorder is diagnosed when
symptoms involve excessive anxiety or worry about multiple events or activities for a period of at least six months
Those with nonpathological anxiety feel they can control their anxiety to some degree, are anxious about a fewer number of events, and are less likely to have associated ________
physical symptoms
Obsessive compulsive disorder
characterized by recurrent obsessions and compulsions that are sufficiently severe to cause significant distress or impaired functioning
In adults, OCD is equally common in males and females, but in children and adolescents, it is more common in _______
males
The treatment-of-choice for OCD is generally considered a combination of _______ and ________
exposure with response prevention; the tricyclic clomipramine or an SSRI
Reactive Attachment disorder
characterized by a pattern of inhibited and emotionally withdrawn behaviour toward adult caregivers
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
characterized by a pattern of behaviour that involves inappropriate interactions with unfamiliar adults
PTSD
involves the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to a traumatic event that entails actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.
Characteristic symptoms of PTSD include:
the presence of intrusion symptoms, persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, negative changes in cognition or mood, and marked changes in arousal and reactivity
For the diagnosis of PTSD, symptoms must have a duration of more than _______ and must cause clinically significant distress or impaired functioning
one month
the delayed expression specifier for PTSD is applied when the full diagnostic criteria are not met until at least ______ after the traumatic event
six months
The treatment of choice for PTSD is a comprehensive _________ intervention that incorporates exposure, cognitive restructuring, and anxiety management
cognitive-behavioural
When symptoms similar to those associated with PTSD have a duration of ______ to one month, the diagnosis is probably Acute Stress Disorder
three days
a diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder requires
the development of emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to one or more psychological stressors within three months of the onset of the stressors with a remission of symptoms within six months after termination of the stressor or its consequences
Ella G. was involved in a serious car accident three weeks ago in which her best friend was killed. Since the accident, Ella has experienced a loss of positive feelings toward friends and family members, increased irritability, flashbacks of the accident, an inability to remember what happened in the days following the accident, nightmares about the accident, and derealization. She has been avoiding the intersection where the accident occurred, doesn’t like to talk about the accident, and has been having trouble concentrating and sleeping. Based on these symptoms, the most likely diagnosis for Ella is?
Acute Stress Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is often manifested in children as excessive worry about:
school and sports performance
It is generally agreed that, when treating a child for school refusal, the initial intervention should be to:
get the child back to school as soon as possible
Soon after losing his job, a 43-year-old man develops feelings of sadness and hopelessness. He has trouble even thinking about looking for another job and thinks his unemployment is already having an adverse effect on his marriage. The man’s symptoms have lasted for ten days, and he has no previous history of a mental disorder. The most likely diagnosis is:
Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
The diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder requires:
evidence that symptoms are due to extreme insufficient care.
When faced with a feared stimulus, a person with Specific Phobia, blood-injection-injury type will most likely:
faint
