Learning Theory (Interventions Classical Conditioning)

Question 1

Interventions based on counterconditioning pair a maladaptive behaviour with a(n) _______ response in order to eliminate the maladaptive behaviour

Answer 1

incompatible

Question 2

Wolpe’s ______ pairs anxiety with relaxation or other incompatible and more adaptive response in order to eliminate the anxiety response.

Answer 2

reciprocal inhibition

Question 3

systematic desensitization involves 4 stages: relaxation training, construction of an ________, desensitization in imagination, and ________ desensitization

Answer 3

anxiety hierarchy; in-vivo

Question 4

Although reciprocal inhibition (counterconditioning) was originally defined as the essential component of systematic desensitization, research using the dismantling strategy suggests that its effectiveness is due to ________ to the CS without the original US

Answer 4

exposure

Question 5

behavioural sex therapy makes use of techniques based on counterconditioning. One of these is ________, which involves pairing anxiety-evoking sexual situations with pleasurable physical sensations and relaxation

Answer 5

sensat focus

Question 6

When using in vivo aversion therapy, a target behaviour or stimulus associated with that behaviour is paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a(n) ______ response.

Answer 6

unpleasant (undesirable)

Question 7

example: drinking alcohol might be paired with electric shock so that eventually, the alcohol elicits a fear response and is avoided. In this situation the alcohol is the _______ stimulus, while the electric shock is the ______ stimulus

Answer 7

conditioned; unconditioned

Question 8

when conducted in imagination, aversion therapy is referred to as ______

Answer 8

covert sensitization

Question 9

According to two-factor theory, phobias are the result of a combination of classical conditioning and ________

Answer 9

negative reinforcement (operant conditioning)

Question 10

from the perspective of two-factor theory, a phobia can be eliminated by exposing the individual to the _________ stimulus while prohibiting his/her usual _______ response

Answer 10

conditioned; avoidance

Question 11

In vivo exposure with response prevention is used to treat anxiety responses and is more effective when exposure sessions are ______ rather than brief

Answer 11

massed (prolonged and continuous)

Question 12

_____ is a variation of in vivo exposure that involves exposing the individual to the most anxiety arousing stimuli for a prolonged period, while _______ exposure begins with exposure to situations the produce minimal anxiety and progresses to situations that elicit increasingly more intense anxiety levels

Answer 12

flooding; graduated

Question 13

implosive therapy is conducted in imagination and combines exposure with _________ interpretations

Answer 13

psychodynamic

Question 14

although lateral eye movements were identified as an essential component of EMDR, a meta-analysis by Davidson and Parker suggests that its beneficial effects are due to _______

Answer 14

exposure (extinction)

Question 15

Davidson and Parker’s (2001) meta-analysis of the research indicated that the effectiveness of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD is attributable to which of the following?

Answer 15

exposure to feared stimuli in imagination

Question 16

In vivo aversion therapy would be most effective as a treatment for which of the following?

Answer 16

Paraphilia

Question 17

In vivo exposure with response prevention (flooding) and implosive therapy are both based on:

Answer 17

classical extinction

Question 18

Studies using the dismantling strategy suggest that which of the following is most responsible for the therapeutic benefits of systematic desensitization?

Answer 18

exposure

Question 19

When using covert sensitization:

Answer 19

the CS and US are presented in imagination

Question 20

Which of the following treatments combines exposure to a feared stimulus with a psychodynamic interpretation of the fear?

Answer 20

implosive