Learning Theory (Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions) Flashcards
Rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT) conceptualizes behaviour in terms of and A-B-C chain, where A is an external event, B is the individual’s __________, and C is the _________. In other words, an emotional or behavioral response to an event (A) is due to _______ about the event rather than the event itself
beliefs about A; emotional or behavioural result of B; beliefs
Beck’s cognitive therapy (CT) focuses on the impact of various cognitive phenomena on emotions and behaviours. Cognitive ______ are structures and rules that determine how people codify, categorize, and interpret theri experiences
schemas
Schemas develop early in life and may be dormant until they’re activated by _______
internal or external stress
______ are “surface-level cognitions” that intercede between the event and a person’s emotional or behavioural response to that event; while ________ are systematic errors in information processing that link maladaptive cognitive schemas and negative automatic thoughts
Automatic thoughts; cognitive distortions
______ involves drawing conclusions without corroborative evidence
arbitrary inference
_________ involves attending to details while ignoring the total context
selective abstraction
According to Beck, each psychological disorder is characterized by a different cognitive profile. Depression, for example, involves the cognitive triad of a negative view of oneself, the world, and the ______
future
The primary goal of CT is to modify the client’s dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions. This is achieved through the development of a ________ therapist-client relationship and the use of a broad range of cognitive and behavioural techniques
collaborative
______ dialogue (questioning) is used to help the client reach logical conclusions about his/her problem
socratic
An early homework assignment requires the client to keep a daily record of ________
dysfunctional thoughts
self-instructional training was originally used to help impulsive and hyperactive children perform tasks more successfully. It involves five stages: cognitive modelling, _______, overt self-instruction, fading overt self-instruction, and _______
cognitive participant modelling; covert self-instruction
______ is used to eliminate obsessive ruminations, self-criticism, and other unwanted thoughts and involves such techniques as covertly yelling “stop!” or snapping a rubber band placed around the wrist
Thought stopping
The goal of attribution retraining is to help clients attribute their failures to _____ factors
external, unstable, specific
Stress inoculation was designed to help people deal with stressful events by increasing their coping skills. It includes three stages: cognitive preparation, _______, and application and follow-through
skills acquisition and rehearsal
According to Rehm, depression is related to deficits in self-monitoring, _______, and self-reinforcement.
self-evaluation
Lewinsohn’s behavioural model attributes depression to a low rate of _______
response-contingent rienforcement
The self-management procedures include a variety of techniques that emphasize the client’s responsibility for modifying his/her own behaviour. Self-monitoring is not only useful as an assessment tool but is also helpful for ______
promoting behaviour change
Behaviour that is under ______ is influenced by the presence or absence of certain stimuli
stimulus control
Biofeedback provides an individual with immediate performance feedback about a response that is usually considered involuntary. Several studies suggest that ______ is as effective as biofeedback for tension headaches, hypertension, anxiety, and insomnia.
relaxation training
thermal biofeedback may be the treatment-of-choice for ______ disease, and a combination of thermal biofeedback and _______ is the best approach for migraine headaches
Raynaud’s; autogenic training
According to Beck (1967, 1984), ideas or images that come without effort and that elicit an emotional reaction are:
automatic thoughts
A practitioner of Beck’s cognitive therapy uses __________ questions to help clients identify and correct their logical errors and biases.
socratic
A therapy client says, “I feel useless and incompetent and, therefore, I must be a worthless, incompetent person.” As described by Aaron Beck, this is an example of:
emotional reasoning
Biofeedback is more effective than relaxation training for which of the following?
Raynaud’s disease
Cognitive preparation, skills acquisition, and application and follow-through are the three overlapping phases of which of the following strategies?
stress inoculation (Stress inoculation was designed to help people deal effectively with stress by enhancing their coping skills. It consists of the three phases listed in this question (cognitive preparation, skills acquisition, and application and follow-through))
In Albert Ellis’s A-B-C model, B refers to:
beliefs about an antecedent event
Rehm’s self-control therapy focuses on what?
self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement
The notion of “collaborative empiricism” is associated with:
Beck
(Collaborative empiricism is a key strategy of Beck’s cognitive-behavioral therapy. When using this strategy, the therapist and client work together to gather evidence and test hypotheses about the client’s beliefs.)
