Learning Theory (Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions) Flashcards
Rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT) conceptualizes behaviour in terms of and A-B-C chain, where A is an external event, B is the individual’s __________, and C is the _________. In other words, an emotional or behavioral response to an event (A) is due to _______ about the event rather than the event itself
beliefs about A; emotional or behavioural result of B; beliefs
Beck’s cognitive therapy (CT) focuses on the impact of various cognitive phenomena on emotions and behaviours. Cognitive ______ are structures and rules that determine how people codify, categorize, and interpret theri experiences
schemas
Schemas develop early in life and may be dormant until they’re activated by _______
internal or external stress
______ are “surface-level cognitions” that intercede between the event and a person’s emotional or behavioural response to that event; while ________ are systematic errors in information processing that link maladaptive cognitive schemas and negative automatic thoughts
Automatic thoughts; cognitive distortions
______ involves drawing conclusions without corroborative evidence
arbitrary inference
_________ involves attending to details while ignoring the total context
selective abstraction
According to Beck, each psychological disorder is characterized by a different cognitive profile. Depression, for example, involves the cognitive triad of a negative view of oneself, the world, and the ______
future
The primary goal of CT is to modify the client’s dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions. This is achieved through the development of a ________ therapist-client relationship and the use of a broad range of cognitive and behavioural techniques
collaborative
______ dialogue (questioning) is used to help the client reach logical conclusions about his/her problem
socratic
An early homework assignment requires the client to keep a daily record of ________
dysfunctional thoughts
self-instructional training was originally used to help impulsive and hyperactive children perform tasks more successfully. It involves five stages: cognitive modelling, _______, overt self-instruction, fading overt self-instruction, and _______
cognitive participant modelling; covert self-instruction
______ is used to eliminate obsessive ruminations, self-criticism, and other unwanted thoughts and involves such techniques as covertly yelling “stop!” or snapping a rubber band placed around the wrist
Thought stopping
The goal of attribution retraining is to help clients attribute their failures to _____ factors
external, unstable, specific
Stress inoculation was designed to help people deal with stressful events by increasing their coping skills. It includes three stages: cognitive preparation, _______, and application and follow-through
skills acquisition and rehearsal
According to Rehm, depression is related to deficits in self-monitoring, _______, and self-reinforcement.
self-evaluation
Lewinsohn’s behavioural model attributes depression to a low rate of _______
response-contingent rienforcement
The self-management procedures include a variety of techniques that emphasize the client’s responsibility for modifying his/her own behaviour. Self-monitoring is not only useful as an assessment tool but is also helpful for ______
promoting behaviour change
Behaviour that is under ______ is influenced by the presence or absence of certain stimuli
stimulus control
Biofeedback provides an individual with immediate performance feedback about a response that is usually considered involuntary. Several studies suggest that ______ is as effective as biofeedback for tension headaches, hypertension, anxiety, and insomnia.
relaxation training
thermal biofeedback may be the treatment-of-choice for ______ disease, and a combination of thermal biofeedback and _______ is the best approach for migraine headaches
Raynaud’s; autogenic training
According to Beck (1967, 1984), ideas or images that come without effort and that elicit an emotional reaction are:
automatic thoughts
A practitioner of Beck’s cognitive therapy uses __________ questions to help clients identify and correct their logical errors and biases.
socratic
A therapy client says, “I feel useless and incompetent and, therefore, I must be a worthless, incompetent person.” As described by Aaron Beck, this is an example of:
emotional reasoning
Biofeedback is more effective than relaxation training for which of the following?
Raynaud’s disease