Abnormal Psyc (Neurocognitive & Personality disorders) Flashcards
Delirium is characterized by a disturbance in _______ and at least one additional disturbance in _______
attention & awareness; cognition
Symptoms of Delirium develop over a short period of time and tend to _______ in severity during the course of the day
flucuate
Treatment for Delirium involves providing the individual with an environment that is designed to minimize ________ and may include administration of an ________ to reduce agitation, delusions, and hallucinations
disorientation; antipsychotic drug
Major Neurocognitive Disorder subsumes DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of _______
Dementia
Major Neurocognitive Disorder is diagnosed when:
there is evidence of a substantial decline in functioning in one or more cognitive domains that interferes with the person’s independence in everyday activities
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder subsumes the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of _______
Cognitive Disorder NOS
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder is diagnosed when:
there is evidence of a modest decline in functioning in one or more cognitive domains that does not interfere with the person’s independence in everyday activities
In terms of etiology, Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease has been linked to the presence of __________ and _________ especially in the __________ structures of the brain and to abnormal levels of several neurotransmitters including _______ which is known to be involved in formation of memories
amyloid plaques; neurofibrillary tangles; medial temporal; acetylcholine
During the initial stages of Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease, the individual exhibits _______(especially for declarative memories), deficits in visuospatial skills, and anomia
anterograde amnesia
________ Neurocognitive Disorder is caused by cerbrovasular disease and is characterized by a ________, fluctuating course with a patchy pattern of symptoms
Vascular; stepwise
Symptoms of Neurocognitive Disorder due to HIV disease are those associated with other Neurocognitive disorders that involve abnormalities in _________ of the brain
subcortical areas
Cluster A personality disorders are all characterized by _______ behaviour
odd or eccentric
The essential feature of Paranoid Personality Disorder is a pervasive pattern of __________ that involves interpreting the motives of others as malevolent
distrust and suspiciousness
Schizoid personality Disorder involves a pervasive pattern of _______ from interpersonal relationships and a restricted range of ______ in social settings
detachment; emotional expression
Schizotypal personality disorder is diagnosed in the presence of pervasive ______ and ______ deficits that involve acute discomfort and reduced capacity for close relationships and eccentricities in _________
social and interpersonal;
cognition, perception, and behaviour
Cluster B personality disorders involve ________ behaviour
dramatic, emotional, or erratic
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the _______ that occured since age 15
rights of others
for diagnosis of Antisocial personality disorder, the individual must be at least ___ years old and have a history of ________ by age 15
18; conduct disorder
although Antisocial personality disorder is chronic, its symptoms often become less evident and pervasive in the ______ decade of life
fourth
Borderline personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of _________ in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect and marked ________
instability; impulsivity
Symptoms of borderline (BPD) are usually most chronic and severe during ______ and up to 75% of individuals no longer meet full diagnostic criteria for this disorder by age _____
young adulthood; 40
Linehan describes ______ as the core feature of BPD, and her Dialectical Behaviour Therapy combines _______, individual outpatient therapy, and telephone consultations
emotional dysregulation; group skills training
Histrionic Personality Disorder involves pervasive pattern of emotionality and _______
attention-seeking
The essential feature of Narcissistic Personality disorder is a pattern of ________, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy
grandiosity
Cluster C personality disorders involve
anxiety and/or fearfulness
Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by:
a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Dependent personality disorder involves an excessive need to _______, which leads to submissive, clinging behaviour and a fear of separation
be taken care of
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder entails a pervasive preoccupations with:
orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control
A psychologist is using Linehan’s dialectical behavior therapy to treat a patient with Borderline Personality Disorder. The essential components of her intervention will be:
individual outpatient therapy and group skills training.
Early memory impairment associated with Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease has been most consistently linked to a loss of neurons that secrete __________, especially in the hippocampus and certain areas of the cortex.
acetylcholine
Early signs of Neurocognitive Disorder due to HIV infection are most likely to be:
forgetfulness and impaired concentration
For a DSM-5 diagnosis of Delirium, a person must exhibit ___________ plus at least one other disturbance in cognition.
a disturbance in attention and awareness
For several years, a 26-year-old woman has exhibited cycles of overidealization and devaluation in interpersonal relationships, uncertainty about career plans, reckless driving, drug use, and frequent suicide attempts. The most likely diagnosis is:
Borderline personality disorder
Magical thinking, depression, ideas of reference, paranoia, discomfort in social situations, and inappropriate affect are most characteristic of what disorder?
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
The progression of Alzheimer’s disease can be described in terms of three stages. A person in the second (middle) stage of the disease is most likely to exhibit:
anterograde and retrograde amnesia, flat or labile mood, restlessness, and fluent aphasia.
Young adults who receive which of the following diagnoses are most likely to no longer meet the diagnostic criteria for the disorder when they reach middle-age?
Antisocial Personality Disorder
