Clinical Psychology (Psychotherapy Research) Flashcards
An advantage of using treatment manuals in clinical practice is that they:
provide the clinician with concrete examples that illustrate the appropriate application of an intervention.
Howard et al. (1996) found that, after 26 sessions of therapy, approximately ___ percent of therapy patients showed measurable improvement in symptoms.
75%
Based on his review of the psychotherapy outcome studies, Hans Eysenck (1952) concluded that:
untreated patients are often “better off” than treated patients in terms of symptom improvement.
Research investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a treatment for depression for older adults suggests that:
older adults benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially when it is conducted at a slower pace
The first use of meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy is attributed to:
Smith and Glass
Which group has the highest rate of admission as inpatients to state and county psychiatric hospitals?
never married men
Based on the results of his review of literature, Eysenck concluded that the apparent benefits of psychotherapy are due to ______. His conclusion was based on the finding that 72% of no-treatment control group patients improved, while ____% of patients receiving eclectic therapy and 44% receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy showed a substantial improvement in symptoms
spontaneous remission; 66
A meta-analysis of the research by Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980) produced a mean effect size of ____, indicating that the average therapy client is “better off” than 80% of those not receiving treatment
.85
According to Howard et al., the duration of therapy has a positive correlation with outcomes, at least up to about _____ sessions, when the relationship begins to “level off”
26
Howard et al’s phase model predicts that the benefits of therapy vary, depending on the number of sessions. Specifically, feelings of _____ (remoralization) are apparent during the first few sessions
hopelessness and depression
______ (remediation) requires about 16 therapy sessions, and establishing new ways of dealing with various aspects of life (rehabilitation) occurs in subsequent sessions
symptomatic relief
A current debate in the literature is whether efficacy or ______ studies are more useful for assessing psychotherapy outcomes. While the former are most useful for establishing whether or not a treatment has had an effect, the latter are considered better for assessing _____
effectiveness; clinical utility
with regard to the utilization rates, there is evidence that ______ receive a disproportionate share of mental health services in the emergency room or psychiatric inpatient settings
African Americans
The research has found that about ______% of therapy clients from racial/ethnic minority groups drop out after the first session compared to 30% of white clients
50
Sue et al., found that, client-therapist matching in terms of ethnicity, culture, or race may reduce ____ for Asian, Hispanic, and White therapy clients but not for African American clients
premature termination
Research examining the effects of various psychological interventions for older adults has generally confirmed their effectiveness. For example, cognitive, behavioural, and brief psychodynamic therapies have been found to be ____ as treatments for depression
probably efficacious
Surveys have found that women are more likely to be the victims of spouse/partner abuse when they are younger, hetersexual, _______ (followed by African American), and in families that have yearly incomes less than $10,000
American Indian/Alaskan Native
factors that increase the likelihood that a woman will stay in an abusive relationship include her commitment to the relationship, ______ dependence, and the belief that the batterer will change
economic
Treatment manuals were originally developed to ______ psychotherapeutic treatments so their effects could be empirically evaluated and to provide guidance for training therapists
standardize
In medical research, a placebo in an inert substance or treatment, but in psychotherapy research, placebo control groups most often provide participants with ____ factors
nonspecific or common
The term _____ was originally used to describe the tendency of health practitioners to attribute all problems to mental retardation in individuals with this diagnosis
diagnostic overshadowing
In the context of psychotherapy, the goal of an _____ intervention is to make changes in the individual’s environment, while the goal of an _____ intervention to change the individual
alloplastic; autoplastic
With regard to distress, therapists are most likely to say the _____ is the single most stressful aspect of their work and that issues related to ____ are the most frequently encountered ethical/legal dilemmas
lack of therapeutic success; confidentiality
Males have higher rates than females of admission to inpatient mental health programs. In terms of marital status admission rates are highest for _____ for both males and females
the never married
