Clinical Psychology (Psychotherapy Research)

Question 1

An advantage of using treatment manuals in clinical practice is that they:

Answer 1

provide the clinician with concrete examples that illustrate the appropriate application of an intervention.

Question 2

Howard et al. (1996) found that, after 26 sessions of therapy, approximately ___ percent of therapy patients showed measurable improvement in symptoms.

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

Based on his review of the psychotherapy outcome studies, Hans Eysenck (1952) concluded that:

Answer 3

untreated patients are often “better off” than treated patients in terms of symptom improvement.

Question 4

Research investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a treatment for depression for older adults suggests that:

Answer 4

older adults benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially when it is conducted at a slower pace

Question 5

The first use of meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy is attributed to:

Answer 5

Smith and Glass

Question 6

Which group has the highest rate of admission as inpatients to state and county psychiatric hospitals?

Answer 6

never married men

Question 7

Based on the results of his review of literature, Eysenck concluded that the apparent benefits of psychotherapy are due to ______. His conclusion was based on the finding that 72% of no-treatment control group patients improved, while ____% of patients receiving eclectic therapy and 44% receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy showed a substantial improvement in symptoms

Answer 7

spontaneous remission; 66

Question 8

A meta-analysis of the research by Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980) produced a mean effect size of ____, indicating that the average therapy client is “better off” than 80% of those not receiving treatment

Answer 8

.85

Question 9

According to Howard et al., the duration of therapy has a positive correlation with outcomes, at least up to about _____ sessions, when the relationship begins to “level off”

Answer 9

26

Question 10

Howard et al’s phase model predicts that the benefits of therapy vary, depending on the number of sessions. Specifically, feelings of _____ (remoralization) are apparent during the first few sessions

Answer 10

hopelessness and depression

Question 11

______ (remediation) requires about 16 therapy sessions, and establishing new ways of dealing with various aspects of life (rehabilitation) occurs in subsequent sessions

Answer 11

symptomatic relief

Question 12

A current debate in the literature is whether efficacy or ______ studies are more useful for assessing psychotherapy outcomes. While the former are most useful for establishing whether or not a treatment has had an effect, the latter are considered better for assessing _____

Answer 12

effectiveness; clinical utility

Question 13

with regard to the utilization rates, there is evidence that ______ receive a disproportionate share of mental health services in the emergency room or psychiatric inpatient settings

Answer 13

African Americans

Question 14

The research has found that about ______% of therapy clients from racial/ethnic minority groups drop out after the first session compared to 30% of white clients

Answer 14

50

Question 15

Sue et al., found that, client-therapist matching in terms of ethnicity, culture, or race may reduce ____ for Asian, Hispanic, and White therapy clients but not for African American clients

Answer 15

premature termination

Question 16

Research examining the effects of various psychological interventions for older adults has generally confirmed their effectiveness. For example, cognitive, behavioural, and brief psychodynamic therapies have been found to be ____ as treatments for depression

Answer 16

probably efficacious

Question 17

Surveys have found that women are more likely to be the victims of spouse/partner abuse when they are younger, hetersexual, _______ (followed by African American), and in families that have yearly incomes less than $10,000

Answer 17

American Indian/Alaskan Native

Question 18

factors that increase the likelihood that a woman will stay in an abusive relationship include her commitment to the relationship, ______ dependence, and the belief that the batterer will change

Answer 18

economic

Question 19

Treatment manuals were originally developed to ______ psychotherapeutic treatments so their effects could be empirically evaluated and to provide guidance for training therapists

Answer 19

standardize

Question 20

In medical research, a placebo in an inert substance or treatment, but in psychotherapy research, placebo control groups most often provide participants with ____ factors

Answer 20

nonspecific or common

Question 21

The term _____ was originally used to describe the tendency of health practitioners to attribute all problems to mental retardation in individuals with this diagnosis

Answer 21

diagnostic overshadowing

Question 22

In the context of psychotherapy, the goal of an _____ intervention is to make changes in the individual’s environment, while the goal of an _____ intervention to change the individual

Answer 22

alloplastic; autoplastic

Question 23

With regard to distress, therapists are most likely to say the _____ is the single most stressful aspect of their work and that issues related to ____ are the most frequently encountered ethical/legal dilemmas

Answer 23

lack of therapeutic success; confidentiality

Question 24

Males have higher rates than females of admission to inpatient mental health programs. In terms of marital status admission rates are highest for _____ for both males and females

Answer 24

the never married