SEM (Analytical techniques and Instrumentation, Pt 2) Flashcards
Designed to compensate for various in intensity of the light source by SPLITTING the light beam from the lamp and directing one portion to a reference cuvet and the other to the sample cuvet
a. Luminometry
b. Double-Beam spctrophotometry
c. Fluoromtry
d. Scintillation counting
b
Has 2 cuvettes (and 2 photodetectors) struck at the same time
a. Double-beam-in-space
b. Double-beam-in-time
a
Has a chopper that alternately pass the signal at reference and sample cuvette one at the time (1 photodetector)
a. Double-beam-in-space
b. Double-beam-in-time
b
The principle of Fluorometry is the measurement of the amount of _____ emitted by excited molecules
Light
Important components of Fluorometry includes:
- -
Light detected in fluorometry is produce by the analyte of interest and not by the source
T or F
T
What do you call a light/Energy before it hit the sample in fluorometry?
Excitation energy
What do you call a light/energy that came from the sample in fluorometry?
Emission energy/Fluorescent light
Gas discharge lamp is the source of UV light for Emission energy
T or F
F
Excitation energy no emission
Fluorometry has how many monochromator?
2
Use to filter light coming from the source
a. Primary monochromator
b. Secondary monochromator
a
Use to filter light coming from the Sample
a. Primary monochromator
b. Secondary monochromator
b
Photomultiplier is used due to what light in fluorometry?
Fluorescent
Fluorescent has Long wavelength meaning low energy which is why photomultiplier is used to amplify the signal 1000 fold
Why is Photodetector and secondary is place right angle to the source?
To prevent light source from being detected (2 types of light will be detected if it is align)
Causes of Quenching in Fluorometry:
- Increase in________
- Prolonged exposure to ____ light
- Too Concentrated sample (_______)
- ____ changes
- Contaminating chemicals
Temperature
UV
Undiluted
pH
Luminometry is more sensitive that fluoremetry
T or F
T
Fluorometry is 1000x more sensitive than spectrophotometry
T or F
T
Luminometry is capable of ___________ detection limits
a. Submillimolar
b. Subnanomolar
c. Subpicomolar
d. Subfemtomolar
c. Subpicomolar
The principle of Luminometry is the measurement of light emission caused by:
- Chemicals
- Biochemicals
- Electrochemical reaction
- Photo illumination
Which among does not belong?
Photo illumination
The most common among the techniques in terms of application is detector system in immunoassay
Fluorometry: Fluorescent immunoassay
Luminometry: __________________
Scintillation counting: _____________________
Turbidimetry and nephelometry: ________________________
Chemiluminescence
Radioimmunoassay
Precipitation-based assays
Emission of light caused by oxidation of organic compounds catalyzed by an enzyme, metal, or hemin
a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence
a
Emission of light caused by a reaction generated electrochemically on the surface of an electrode
a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence
c
A special form of chemiluminescence where an enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction produces light emission which INVOLVES the use of natural substrate
a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence
b
Most common substrates used:
- Dioxitane phosphate
- Isoluminol
- Acridinium ester
a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence
a
Luciferin
a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence
b
Ruthenium
a. Chemiluminescence
b. Bioluminescence
c. Electrochemiluminescence
c
Types of Scintillation counting:
Gamma counter: I-125 / I-135
a. Crystal
b. Liquid
a
Types of Scintillation counting:
Beta counter: H-3 / C-14
a. Crystal
b. Liquid
b
Measurement of the amount of light blocked
a. Turbidimetry
b. Nephelometry
a
Detects the amount of light scattered
a. Turbidimetry
b. Nephelometry
b
Involves FRAGMENTATION and IONIZATION of molecules
a. Mass spectrometry
b. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy
a. Mass spectrometry
Non- destructive method for determining the structure of organic compounds ESPECIALLY LIPOPROTEINS
a. Mass spectrometry
b. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy
b
Application of Mass spectrometry includes:
- MALDI TOF MS
- GC-MS / HPLC-MS
- Tandem MS
- IDMS
which among is the gold standard for drug testing?
GC-MS
Application of Mass spectrometry includes:
- MALDI TOF MS
- GC-MS / HPLC-MS
- Tandem MS
- IDMS
Which among is used for proteomics?
MALDI TOF
Application of Mass spectrometry includes:
- MALDI TOF MS
- GC-MS / HPLC-MS
- Tandem MS
- IDMS
Which among is used for IEM screening?
Tandem MS
Application of Mass spectrometry includes:
- MALDI TOF MS
- GC-MS / HPLC-MS
- Tandem MS
- IDMS
Which among is used for reference methods for non protein nitrogenous compound?
IDMs
What is the source of energy for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy?
Radiowave frequency
Continuous flow pumps each specimen in a batch through a system of continous tubind at the DIFFERENT rate
T or F
F
Same
Continuous flo is subjected to the analytical reactions:
- Carry over problems
- Waste full use of continuously flowing reagents
T or F
T
Purpose of Air bubbles in Continous flow?
a. Separating and clearing media
b. Mixing
a
Purpose of Coiled tubing/Glass coils?
a. Separating and clearing media
b. Mixing
b
Uses centrifugal force to transfer liquids in separate Cuvets for measurment
a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis
a
Places each sample and accompanying reagents in separate containers
a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis
b
MOST capable of batch analysis
a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis
a
Batch analysis; RANDOM access or stat capabilities
a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis
b
Cobas-Bio
a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis
a
Vitros, Beckman, Dupont ACA
a. Centrifugal analysis
b. Discrete analysis
b
Centifugal analysis is part of discrete analysis
T or F
T
All specimens are subjected to a series of analytical processes at the same time
a. Sequential analysis
b. Parallel analysis
c. Batch analysis
b
Each specimen in a batch enters the analytical process ONE AFTER ANOTHER
a. Sequential analysis
b. Parallel analysis
c. Batch analysis
a
Many specimens are goruped in te same analytical session
a. Sequential analysis
b. Parallel analysis
c. Batch analysis
c
Analyses are performed on a collection of specimen sequentially and each specimen is analyzed for a different selection of tests
a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer
a
A set of test results is obtained on a single specimen; similar to random-access analysis
a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer
c
SINGLE PROCESS; only results on a single analyte are produced similar to batch analysis
a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer
b
Requires the reagent to be in a unique container or format provided by the manufacturer
a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer
d
In-house reagents or use reagents from a variety of suppliers
a. Random-access analysis
b. Single-channel analysis
c. Multiple-channel analysis
d. Closed-system analyzer
e. Open-system analyzer
e
The advantage of Point of Care testing Devices:
- Reduced turnaround time
- Connectivity (Electronic documentation of testing)
T or F
T
Most commonly used POCTl use enzymatic methods coupled with photometric or electrochemical detections
Blood glucose monitors (Glucometers)
Glucometer is used to diagnose Diabetes mellitus
T or F
F
Glucometer is used for Monitoring only
T or F
T
